List of Nobel laureates
About 13 pages (4,031 words)
Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists , writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners .
Physics
2007 Albert Fert , Peter Grünberg
2006 John C. Mather , George F. Smoot
2005 Roy J. Glauber , John L. Hall , Theodor W. Hänsch
2004 David J. Gross , H. David Politzer , Frank Wilczek
2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov , Vitaly L. Ginzburg , Anthony J. Leggett
2002 Raymond Davis Jr. , Masatoshi Koshiba , Riccardo Giacconi
2001 Eric A. Cornell , Wolfgang Ketterle , Carl E. Wieman
2000 Zhores I. Alferov , Herbert Kroemer , Jack S. Kilby
1999 Gerardus 't Hooft , Martinus J.G. Veltman
1998 Robert B. Laughlin , Horst L. Störmer , Daniel C. Tsui
1997 Steven Chu , Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , William D. Phillips
1996 David M. Lee , Douglas D. Osheroff , Robert Coleman Richardson
1995 Martin L. Perl , Frederick Reines
1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse , Clifford G. Shull
1993 Russell A. Hulse , Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1992 Georges Charpak
1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1990 Jerome I. Friedman , Henry W. Kendall , Richard E. Taylor
1989 Norman F. Ramsey , Hans G. Dehmelt , Wolfgang Paul
1988 Leon M. Lederman , Melvin Schwartz , Jack Steinberger
1987 J. Georg Bednorz , K. Alex Müller
1986 Ernst Ruska , Gerd Binnig , Heinrich Rohrer
1985 Klaus von Klitzing
1984 Carlo Rubbia , Simon van der Meer
1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar , William A. Fowler
1982 Kenneth G. Wilson
1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen , Arthur L. Schawlow , Kai M. Siegbahn
1980 James Cronin , Val Fitch
1979 Sheldon Glashow , Abdus Salam , Steven Weinberg
1978 Pyotr Kapitsa , Arno Penzias , Robert Woodrow Wilson
1977 Philip W. Anderson , Sir Nevill F. Mott , John H. van Vleck
1976 Burton Richter , Samuel C.C. Ting
1975 Aage N. Bohr , Ben R. Mottelson , James Rainwater
1974 Martin Ryle , Antony Hewish
1973 Leo Esaki , Ivar Giaever , Brian D. Josephson
1972 John Bardeen , Leon Neil Cooper , Robert Schrieffer
1971 Dennis Gabor
1970 Hannes Alfvén , Louis Néel
1969 Murray Gell-Mann
1968 Luis Alvarez
1967 Hans Bethe
1966 Alfred Kastler
1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga , Julian Schwinger , Richard P. Feynman
1964 Charles H. Townes , Nicolay G. Basov , Aleksandr M. Prokhorov
1963 Eugene Wigner , Maria Goeppert-Mayer , J. Hans D. Jensen
1962 Lev Landau
1961 Robert Hofstadter , Rudolf Mössbauer
1960 Donald A. Glaser
1959 Emilio Segrè , Owen Chamberlain
1958 Pavel A. Cherenkov , Il´ja M. Frank , Igor Y. Tamm
1957 Chen Ning Yang , Tsung-Dao Lee
1956 William B. Shockley , John Bardeen , Walter H. Brattain
1955 Willis E. Lamb , Polykarp Kusch
1954 Max Born , Walther Bothe
1953 Frits Zernike
1952 Felix Bloch , E. M. Purcell
1951 John Cockcroft , Ernest T.S. Walton
1950 Cecil Powell
1949 Hideki Yukawa
1948 Patrick M.S. Blackett
1947 Edward V. Appleton
1946 Percy W. Bridgman
1945 Wolfgang Pauli
1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi
1943 Otto Stern
1942 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.
1941 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.
1940 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.
1939 Ernest Lawrence
1938 Enrico Fermi
1937 Clinton Davisson , George Paget Thomson
1936 Victor F. Hess , Carl D. Anderson
1935 James Chadwick
1934 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.
1933 Erwin Schrödinger , Paul A.M. Dirac
1932 Werner Heisenberg
1931 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physics section.
1930 Venkata Raman
1929 Louis de Broglie
1928 Owen Willans Richardson
1927 Arthur H. Compton , C.T.R. Wilson
1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin
1925 James Franck , Gustav Hertz
1924 Manne Siegbahn
1923 Robert A. Millikan
1922 Niels Bohr
1921 Albert Einstein
1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume
1919 Johannes Stark
1918 Max Planck
1917 Charles Glover Barkla
1916 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physics section.
1915 William Henry Bragg , William Lawrence Bragg (father and son)
1914 Max von Laue
1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912 Gustaf Dalén
1911 Wilhelm Wien
1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1909 Guglielmo Marconi , Ferdinand Braun
1908 Gabriel Lippmann
1907 Albert A. Michelson
1906 J.J. Thomson
1905 Philipp Lenard
1904 Lord Rayleigh
1903 Henri Becquerel , Pierre Curie , Maria Sklodowska-Curie
1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz , Pieter Zeeman
1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Chemistry
2007 Gerhard Ertl
2006 Roger D. Kornberg
2005 Robert Grubbs , Richard Schrock , Yves Chauvin
2004 Aaron Ciechanover , Avram Hershko , Irwin Rose
2003 Peter Agre , Roderick MacKinnon
2002 John B. Fenn , Koichi Tanaka , Kurt Wüthrich
2001 William S. Knowles , Ryoji Noyori , K. Barry Sharpless
2000 Alan Heeger , Alan G. MacDiarmid , Hideki Shirakawa
1999 Ahmed Zewail
1998 Walter Kohn , John Pople
1997 Paul D. Boyer , John E. Walker , Jens C. Skou
1996 Robert F. Curl Jr. , Sir Harold Kroto , Richard E. Smalley
1995 Paul J. Crutzen , Mario J. Molina , F. Sherwood Rowland
1994 George A. Olah
1993 Kary B. Mullis , Michael Smith
1992 Rudolph A. Marcus
1991 Richard R. Ernst
1990 Elias James Corey
1989 Sidney Altman , Thomas R. Cech
1988 Johann Deisenhofer , Robert Huber , Hartmut Michel
1987 Donald J. Cram , Jean-Marie Lehn , Charles J. Pedersen
1986 Dudley R. Herschbach , Yuan T. Lee , John C. Polanyi
1985 Herbert A. Hauptman , Jerome Karle
1984 Bruce Merrifield
1983 Henry Taube
1982 Aaron Klug
1981 Kenichi Fukui , Roald Hoffmann
1980 Paul Berg , Walter Gilbert , Frederick Sanger
1979 Herbert C. Brown , Georg Wittig
1978 Peter Mitchell
1977 Ilya Prigogine
1976 William Lipscomb
1975 John Cornforth , Vladimir Prelog
1974 Paul J. Flory
1973 Ernst Otto Fischer , Geoffrey Wilkinson
1972 Christian Anfinsen , Stanford Moore , William H. Stein
1971 Gerhard Herzberg
1970 Luis Leloir
1969 Derek Barton , Odd Hassel
1968 Lars Onsager
1967 Manfred Eigen , Ronald G.W. Norrish , George Porter
1966 Robert S. Mulliken
1965 Robert Burns Woodward
1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
1963 Karl Ziegler , Giulio Natta
1962 Max F. Perutz , John C. Kendrew
1961 Melvin Calvin
1960 Willard F. Libby
1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský
1958 Frederick Sanger
1957 Lord Todd
1956 Sir Cyril Hinshelwood , Nikolay Semenov
1955 Vincent du Vigneaud
1954 Linus Pauling
1953 Hermann Staudinger
1952 Archer J.P. Martin , Richard L.M. Synge
1951 Edwin M. McMillan , Glenn T. Seaborg
1950 Otto Diels , Kurt Alder
1949 William F. Giauque
1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
1947 Sir Robert Robinson
1946 James B. Sumner , John H. Northrop , Wendell M. Stanley
1945 Artturi Virtanen
1944 Otto Hahn
1943 George de Hevesy
1942 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1941 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1940 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1939 Adolf Butenandt , Leopold Ruzicka
1938 Richard Kuhn
1937 Norman Haworth , Paul Karrer
1936 Peter Debye
1935 Frédéric Joliot-Curie , Irène Joliot-Curie
1934 Harold C. Urey
1933 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1932 Irving Langmuir
1931 Carl Bosch , Friedrich Bergius
1930 Hans Fischer
1929 Arthur Harden , Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1928 Adolf Windaus
1927 Heinrich Wieland
1926 The Svedberg
1925 Richard Zsigmondy
1924 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1923 Fritz Pregl
1922 Francis W. Aston
1921 Frederick Soddy
1920 Walther Nernst
1919 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1918 Fritz Haber
1917 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1916 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1915 Richard Willstätter
1914 Theodore William Richards
1913 Alfred Werner
1912 Victor Grignard , Paul Sabatier
1911 Maria Skłodowska-Curie
1910 Otto Wallach
1909 Wilhelm Ostwald
1908 Ernest Rutherford
1907 Eduard Buchner
1906 Henri Moissan
1905 Adolf von Baeyer
1904 Sir William Ramsay
1903 Svante Arrhenius
1902 Emil Fischer
1901 Jacobus H. van 't Hoff
Physiology or medicine
2007 Mario Capecchi , Martin Evans , Oliver Smithies
2006 Andrew Z. Fire , Craig C. Mello
2005 Barry J. Marshall , J. Robin Warren
2004 Richard Axel , Linda B. Buck
2003 Paul C. Lauterbur , Peter Mansfield
2002 Sydney Brenner , H. Robert Horvitz , John E. Sulston
2001 Leland H. Hartwell , Tim Hunt , Sir Paul Nurse
2000 Arvid Carlsson , Paul Greengard , Eric R. Kandel
1999 Günter Blobel
1998 Robert F. Furchgott , Louis J. Ignarro , Ferid Murad
1997 Stanley B. Prusiner
1996 Peter C. Doherty , Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1995 Edward B. Lewis , Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard , Eric F. Wieschaus
1994 Alfred G. Gilman , Martin Rodbell
1993 Richard J. Roberts , Phillip A. Sharp
1992 Edmond H. Fischer , Edwin G. Krebs
1991 Erwin Neher , Bert Sakmann
1990 Joseph E. Murray , E. Donnall Thomas
1989 J. Michael Bishop , Harold E. Varmus
1988 James W. Black , Gertrude B. Elion , George H. Hitchings
1987 Susumu Tonegawa
1986 Stanley Cohen , Rita Levi-Montalcini
1985 Michael S. Brown , Joseph L. Goldstein
1984 Niels K. Jerne , Georges J.F. Köhler , César Milstein
1983 Barbara McClintock
1982 Sune K. Bergström , Bengt I. Samuelsson , John R. Vane
1981 Roger W. Sperry , David H. Hubel , Torsten N. Wiesel
1980 Baruj Benacerraf , Jean Dausset , George D. Snell
1979 Allan M. Cormack , Godfrey N. Hounsfield
1978 Werner Arber , Daniel Nathans , Hamilton O. Smith
1977 Roger Guillemin , Andrew V. Schally , Rosalyn Yalow
1976 Baruch S. Blumberg , D. Carleton Gajdusek
1975 David Baltimore , Renato Dulbecco , Howard M. Temin
1974 Albert Claude , Christian de Duve , George E. Palade
1973 Karl von Frisch , Konrad Lorenz , Nikolaas Tinbergen
1972 Gerald M. Edelman , Rodney R. Porter
1971 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
1970 Sir Bernard Katz , Ulf von Euler , Julius Axelrod
1969 Max Delbrück , Alfred D. Hershey , Salvador E. Luria
1968 Robert W. Holley , H. Gobind Khorana , Marshall W. Nirenberg
1967 Ragnar Granit , Haldan K. Hartline , George Wald
1966 Peyton Rous , Charles B. Huggins
1965 François Jacob , André Lwoff , Jacques Monod
1964 Konrad Bloch , Feodor Lynen
1963 Sir John Eccles , Alan L. Hodgkin , Andrew Huxley
1962 Francis Crick , James D. Watson , Maurice Wilkins
1961 Georg von Békésy
1960 Frank Macfarlane Burnet , Peter Medawar
1959 Severo Ochoa , Arthur Kornberg
1958 George Beadle , Edward Tatum , Joshua Lederberg
1957 Daniel Bovet
1956 André F. Cournand , Werner Forssmann , Dickinson W. Richards
1955 Hugo Theorell
1954 John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , Frederick Chapman Robbins
1953 Hans Krebs , Fritz Lipmann
1952 Selman A. Waksman
1951 Max Theiler
1950 Edward C. Kendall , Tadeus Reichstein , Philip S. Hench
1949 Walter Hess , Egas Moniz
1948 Paul Müller
1947 Carl Cori , Gerty Cori , Bernardo Houssay
1946 Hermann J. Muller
1945 Sir Alexander Fleming , Ernst B. Chain , Sir Howard Florey
1944 Joseph Erlanger , Herbert S. Gasser
1943 Henrik Dam , Edward A. Doisy
1942 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1941 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1940 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1939 Gerhard Domagk
1938 Corneille Heymans
1937 Albert Szent-Györgyi
1936 Sir Henry Dale , Otto Loewi
1935 Hans Spemann
1934 George H. Whipple , George R. Minot , William P. Murphy
1933 Thomas H. Morgan
1932 Sir Charles Sherrington , Edgar Adrian
1931 Otto Heinrich Warburg
1930 Karl Landsteiner
1929 Christiaan Eijkman , Sir Frederick Hopkins
1928 Charles Nicolle
1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg
1926 Johannes Fibiger
1925 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1924 Willem Einthoven
1923 Frederick G. Banting , John James Richard Macleod
1922 Archibald Vivian Hill , Otto Meyerhof
1921 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1920 August Krogh
1919 Jules Bordet
1918 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1917 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1916 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1915 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1914 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1913 Robert Bárány
1912 Alexis Carrel
1911 Allvar Gullstrand
1910 Albrecht Kossel
1909 Theodor Kocher
1908 Ilya Mechnikov , Paul Ehrlich
1907 Alphonse Laveran
1906 Camillo Golgi , Santiago Ramón y Cajal
1905 Robert Koch
1904 Ivan Pavlov
1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen
1902 Ronald Ross
1901 Emil von Behring
Literature
Peace
2007 Al Gore , Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2006 Grameen Bank , Muhammad Yunus
2005 International Atomic Energy Agency , Mohamed ElBaradei
2004 Wangari Maathai
2003 Shirin Ebadi
2002 Jimmy Carter
2001 United Nations , Kofi Annan
2000 Kim Dae-jung
1999 Médecins Sans Frontières
1998 John Hume , David Trimble
1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines , Jody Williams
1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo , José Ramos Horta
1995 Joseph Rotblat , Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1994 Yasser Arafat , Shimon Peres , Yitzhak Rabin
1993 Nelson Mandela , F.W. de Klerk
1992 Rigoberta Menchú
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi
1990 Mikhail Gorbachev
1989 Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
1988 United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
1987 Óscar Arias
1986 Elie Wiesel
1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1984 Desmond Tutu
1983 Lech Wałęsa
1982 Alva Myrdal , Alfonso García Robles
1981 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1979 Mother Teresa
1978 Anwar al-Sadat , Menachem Begin
1977 Amnesty International
1976 Betty Williams , Mairead Corrigan
1975 Andrei Sakharov
1974 Seán MacBride , Eisaku Sato
1973 Henry Kissinger , Le Duc Tho
1972 No prize awarded. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.
1971 Willy Brandt
1970 Norman Borlaug
1969 International Labour Organization
1968 René Cassin
1967 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1966 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1965 United Nations Children's Fund
1964 Martin Luther King, Jr.
1963 International Committee of the Red Cross , League of Red Cross Societies
1962 Linus Pauling
1961 Dag Hammarskjöld (posthumously)
1960 Albert Lutuli
1959 Philip Noel-Baker
1958 Georges Pire
1957 Lester Bowles Pearson
1956 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1955 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1954 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1953 George C. Marshall
1952 Albert Schweitzer
1951 Léon Jouhaux
1950 Ralph Bunche
1949 Lord Boyd Orr
1948 No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1947 Friends Service Council , American Friends Service Committee
1946 Emily Greene Balch , John R. Mott
1945 Cordell Hull
1944 International Committee of the Red Cross
1943 No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1942 No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1941 No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1940 No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1939 No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1938 Nansen International Office for Refugees
1937 The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935 Carl von Ossietzky
1934 Arthur Henderson
1933 Sir Norman Angell
1932 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1931 Jane Addams , Nicholas Murray Butler
1930 Nathan Söderblom
1929 Frank B. Kellogg
1928 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1927 Ferdinand Buisson , Ludwig Quidde
1926 Aristide Briand , Gustav Stresemann
1925 Sir Austen Chamberlain , Charles G. Dawes
1924 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1923 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1922 Fridtjof Nansen
1921 Hjalmar Branting , Christian Lange
1920 Léon Bourgeois
1919 Woodrow Wilson
1918 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1917 International Committee of the Red Cross
1916 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1915 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1914 No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1913 Henri La Fontaine
1912 Elihu Root
1911 Tobias Asser , Alfred Fried
1910 Permanent International Peace Bureau
1909 Auguste Beernaert , Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant
1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson , Fredrik Bajer
1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta , Louis Renault
1906 Theodore Roosevelt
1905 Bertha von Suttner
1904 Institute of International Law
1903 Randal Cremer
1902 Élie Ducommun , Albert Gobat
1901 Henry Dunant , Frédéric Passy
Economics
Main article Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
2007 Leonid Hurwicz , Eric S. Maskin , Roger B. Myerson
2006 Edmund S. Phelps
2005 Robert J. Aumann , Thomas C. Schelling
2004 Finn E. Kydland , Edward C. Prescott
2003 Robert F. Engle III , Clive W. J. Granger
2002 Daniel Kahneman , Vernon L. Smith
2001 George A. Akerlof , A. Michael Spence , Joseph E. Stiglitz
2000 James J. Heckman , Daniel L. McFadden
1999 Robert A. Mundell
1998 Amartya Sen
1997 Robert C. Merton , Myron S. Scholes
1996 James A. Mirrlees , William Vickrey
1995 Robert E. Lucas Jr.
1994 John C. Harsanyi , John F. Nash Jr. , Reinhard Selten
1993 Robert W. Fogel , Douglass C. North
1992 Gary S. Becker
1991 Ronald H. Coase
1990 Harry M. Markowitz , Merton H. Miller , William F. Sharpe
1989 Trygve Haavelmo
1988 Maurice Allais
1987 Robert M. Solow
1986 James McGill Buchanan, Jr.
1985 Franco Modigliani
1984 Richard Stone
1983 Gerard Debreu
1982 George J. Stigler
1981 James Tobin
1980 Lawrence R. Klein
1979 Theodore William Schultz , Sir Arthur Lewis
1978 Herbert A. Simon
1977 Bertil Ohlin , James Edward Meade
1976 Milton Friedman
1975 Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich , Tjalling C. Koopmans
1974 Gunnar Myrdal , Friedrich August von Hayek
1973 Wassily Leontief
1972 John Hicks , Kenneth J. Arrow
1971 Simon Kuznets
1970 Paul A. Samuelson
1969 Ragnar Frisch , Jan Tinbergen
See also
References
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