| Ancient Mesopotamia |
|---|
 |
| Euphrates · Tigris |
| Cities / Empires |
| Sumer: Uruk · Ur · Eridu |
| Kish · Lagash · Nippur |
| Akkadian Empire: Akkad |
| Babylon · Isin · Susa |
| Assyria: Assur · Nineveh |
| Dur-Sharrukin · Nimrud |
| Babylonia · Chaldea |
| Elam · Amorites |
| Hurrians · Mitanni |
| Kassites · Urartu |
| Chronology |
| Kings of Sumer |
| Kings of Assyria |
| Kings of Babylon |
| Language |
| Aramaic |
| Sumerian · Akkadian |
| Elamite · Hurrian |
| Mythology |
| Enûma Elish |
| Gilgamesh · Marduk |
The following is a list of the Kings of Babylon, a major city of ancient Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq.
First Dynasty of Babylon
This uses the traditional Middle Chronology, although there is now reason to believe it may be too early by as much as a century.
- Sumu-abum 1894-1881 BC
- Sumu-la-El 1880-1845 BC
- Sabium 1844-1831 BC
- Apil-Sîn 1830-1813 BC
- Sin-muballit 1812-1793 BC
- Hammurabi 1792-1750 BC
- Samsu-Iluna 1749-1712 BC
- Abi-Eshuh 1711-1684 BC
- Ammi-Ditana 1683-1647 BC
- Ammi-Saduqa 1646-1626 BC
- Samsu-Ditana 1625-1595 BC
Early Kassite Monarchs
These rulers did not rule Babylon itself, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.
- Gandash fl. c.1730 BC
- Agum I
- Kashtiliash I
- Ushshi
- Abirattash
- Kashtiliash II
- Urzigurumash
- Harbashihu
- Tiptakzi
Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)
This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but rather the Sumerian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.
- Iluma-ilum fl. c.1732 BC
- Itti-ili-nibi
- Damiq-ilishu
- Ishkibal
- Shushushi
- Gulkishar
- Peshgaldaramash
- Adarakalamma
- Ekurduanna
- Melamkurkukka
- [1 unnamed king between Gulkishar and Ea-gamil(?)]
- Ea-gamil fl. c. 1460 BC
Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)
The chronology followed here is the higher chronology found in Von Beckerath's Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Another commonly used chronology generally gives dates of approximately 10 to 20 years earlier for each monarch, but this does not synchronize so well with the most commonly used chronology for the Egyptian New Kingdom.
- Agum II fl. c.1570 BC
- Burna-Buriaš I
- Kaštiliaš III
- Ulam-Buriaš
- Agum III
- Kadašman-harbe I
- Karaindaš
- Kurigalzu I d.1377 BC
- Kadašman-Enlil I 1377-1361 BC
- Burna-Buriaš II 1361-1333 BC
- Karahardaš 1333-1331 BC
- Nazibugaš 1331 BC
- Kurigalzu II 1331-1306 BC
- Nazimaruttaš 1306-1280 BC
- Kadašman-Turgu 1280-1262 BC
- Kadašman-Enlil II 1262-1254 BC
- Kudur-Enlil 1254-1245 BC
- Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245-1232 BC
- Kaštiliaš IV 1232-1224 BC
- Enlil-nadin-šumi 1224-1221
- Adad-šuma-iddina 1221-1215
- Adad-šuma-usur 1215-1185 BC
- Melišipak 1185-1170 BCE
- Marduk-apal-iddina I 1170-1157 BC
- Zababa-šuma-iddina 1157-1156 BC
- Enlil-nadin-ahhe 1156-1153 BC
Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin
- Marduk-kabit-ahhešu 1155-1146 BC
- Itti-Marduk-balatu 1146-1132 BC
- Ninurta-nadin-šumi 1132-1126 BC
- Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I) 1126-1103 BC
- Enlil-nadin-apli 1103-1100 BC
- Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1100-1082 BC
- Marduk-šapik-zeri 1082-1069 BC
- Adad-apla-iddina 1069-1046 BC
- Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BC
- Marduk-zer-X 1046-1033 BC
- Nabu-šum-libur 1033-1025 BC
Dynasty V of Babylon
Dynasty VI of Babylon
Dynasty VII of Babylon
Dynasty VIII of Babylon
Dynasty IX of Babylon
- Ninurta-kudurri-usur 943 BC
- Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 943-c.920 BC
- Šamaš-mudammiq c.920-900 BC
- Nabu-šuma-ukin 900-888 BC
- Nabu-apla-iddina 888-855 BC
- Marduk-zakir-šumi I 855-819 BC
- Marduk-balassu-iqbi 819-813 BC
- Baba-aha-iddina 813-811 BC
- 5 kings 811-c.800 BC
- Ninurta-apla-X c.800-c.790 BC
- Marduk-bel-zeri c.790-c.780 BC
- Marduk-apla-usur c.780-769 BC
- Eriba-Marduk 769-761 BC
- Nabu-šuma-iškun 761-748 BC
Dynasty IX of Babylon
From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings and other sources.
Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrians and Chaldeans)
- Nabu-mukin-zeri, 732-729 BC
- Tiglath-Pileser III 729-727 BC
- Shalmaneser V 727-722 BC
- Marduk-apal-iddina II (the Biblical Merodach-Baladan), 722-710 BC
- Šarrukin (Sargon) II of Assyria, 710-705 BC
- Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 705-703 BC
- Marduk-zakir-šumi II, 703 BC
- Marduk-apal-iddina II, 703 BC (restored)
- Bel-ibni, 703-700 BC
- Aššur-nadin-šumi (son of Sennacherib of Assyria), 700-694 BC
- Nergal-ušezib, 694-693 BC
- Mušezib-Marduk, 693-689 BC
Assyrian Sack of Babylon, 689 BC; Babylon is rebuilt by Esarhaddon of Assyria in the 670s BC
- Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 689-681 BC
- Aššur-ahha-iddina (Esarhaddon) of Assyria, 681-669 BC
- Šamaš-šum-ukin (son of Esarhaddon), 668-648 BC
- Kandalanu 648-627 BC
- Sin-shumu-lishir 626 BC Only parts, included the city Babylon.
- Sinsharishkun ca. 627 BC - 620 Lost control over Babylonia fast.
Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean)
- Nabu-apla-usur (Nabopolassar) 626 - 605 BC
- Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadrezzar II (Nebuchadnezzar II)) 605 - 562 BC
- Amel-Marduk 562 - 560 BC
- Nergal-šar-usur (Nergal-sharezer) 560 - 556 BC
- Labaši-Marduk 556 BC
- Nabu-na'id (Nabonidus) 556 - 539 BC
- Kambyses 538 - 522 BC
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by Cyrus the Great of Persia, and lost its independence. His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia
