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A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. Legislatures are known by many names, the most common being parliament and congress, although these terms also have more specific meanings. The main job of the legislature is to make and interpret laws. In parliamentary systems of government, the legislature is formally supreme and appoints the executive. In presidential systems of government, the legislature is considered a power branch which is equal to, and independent of, the executive. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures usually have exclusive authority to raise taxes and adopt the budget and other money bills. The primary components of a legislature are one or more chambers or houses: assemblies that debate and vote upon bills. A legislature with only one house is called unicameral. A bicameral legislature possesses two separate chambers, ly described as an upper house and a lower house, which often differ in duties, powers, and the methods used for the selection of members. Much rarer have been tricameral legislatures; the most recent existed in the waning years of white-minority rule in South Africa. In most parliamentary systems, the lower house is the more powerful house while the upper house is merely a chamber of advice or review. However, in presidential systems, the powers not real of the two houses are often similar or equal. In federations it is typical for the upper house to represent the component states; the same applies to the supranational legislature of the European Union. For this purpose the upper house may either contain the delegates of state governments, as is the case in the European Union and in Germany and was the case in the United States before 1913, or be elected according to a formula that grants equal representation to states with smaller populations, as is the case in Australia and the modern United States.
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Lists of titles of legislatures
National
- Assembleia da República — Portugal
- Assembly of Albania — Albania
- Bundestag — Germany
- Legislative Yuan — Republic of China
- Cortes Generales — Spain
- Eduskunta — Finland
- Federal Assembly — Russia, Switzerland
- Folketing — Denmark
- Knesset — Israel
- Majles Al-Ummah — Kuwait
- Riksdag — Sweden and Finland
- Narodna Skupština — Serbia and Montenegro
- Staten-Generaal — The Netherlands
- Stortinget — Norway
- Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State — Vatican City
- Sabor — Croatia and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sub-National
- List of state legislatures of the United States — United States
- Legislature — Various, including Nebraska
- General Assembly / Assembly — Various
- General Court — Massachusetts and New Hampshire
- House of Delegates — lower houses of Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia
- Landtag — Germany, Austria
- Canada
- Legislative Assembly — All provinces and territories except:
- National Assembly — Quebec
- House of Assembly — Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador
- Australia
- Legislative Assembly - All States and Territories except:
- House of Assembly - South Australia and Tasmania
- Legislative Council - All States except Queensland
- United Kingdom
