Lamar Alexander

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Lamar Alexander
Senior Senator from Tennessee
Incumbent
Assumed office  January 7, 2003 Serving with Bob Corker
Preceded by	Fred Thompson
Succeeded by	Incumbent (2009)
45th Governor of Tennessee
In office January 17, 1979 – January 17, 1987
Lieutenant(s)	John S. Wilder
Preceded by	Ray Blanton
Succeeded by	Ned McWherter
5th United States Secretary of Education
In office March 22, 1991 – January 20, 1993
President	George H.W. Bush
Preceded by	Lauro Cavazos
Succeeded by	Richard Riley
Born	July 3 1940 (1940-07-03) (age 67) Maryville, Tennessee
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Honey Buhler
Residence	Nashville, Tennessee
Alma mater	Vanderbilt University (1962)
Profession	Attorney
Religion	Presbyterian

Andrew Lamar Alexander (born July 3, 1940) is the senior United States Senator from Tennessee and a member of the Republican Party. He was previously the 45th Governor of Tennessee from 1979 to 1987, U.S. Secretary of Education from 1991 to 1993 under President George H.W. Bush and candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000.

Contents 1 Early and Personal Life 2 Political career 3 Governor of Tennessee 4 After governorship 5 Senate career 6 Senate re-election bid 7 Controversy and criticism 8 Electoral history 9 Footnotes 10 External links

Early and Personal Life

Alexander was born in Maryville, Tennessee (outside of Knoxville), where he was raised, to Genevra Floreine Rankin and Andrew Lamar Alexander.^[1] In high school he was elected Governor of Tennessee Boys State. Alexander graduated with a B.A. from Vanderbilt University where he was a member of Sigma Chi Fraternity in 1962 and from the New York University School of Law in 1965. After graduating from law school, Alexander clerked for United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit judge John Minor Wisdom in New Orleans from 1965 to 1966.^[2] Alexander married Leslee "Honey" Buhler in 1969. They had met during a softball game for Senate staff members; he was then a staffer for Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee while she worked for Senator John Tower of Texas. Together they have four children: Drew, Leslee, Kathryn, and Will. He is also a classical and country pianist. Alexander got to put these talents on display in April 2007 when he played piano on singer Patti Page's re-recording of her 1950 hit "Tennessee Waltz." He appeared on the record, due out for release in the summer of 2007, at the invitation of record executive Mike Curb. Alexander and Page then performed the song live at an April 4 fundraiser for his Senatorial re-election campaign in Nashville's Schermerhorn Symphony Center.^[3].

Political career

In 1967, he worked as a legislative assistant for Senator Howard Baker. While a staffer, he was briefly roommates with future U.S. Senator Trent Lott. In 1969, he worked for Bryce Harlow, President Nixon's executive assistant.^[2] In 1970 he moved back to Tennessee, serving as campaign manager for Memphis dentist Winfield Dunn's successful gubernatorial bid. Thanks to his successful tenure as Dunn's campaign manager, Alexander received the Republican nomination for governor of Tennessee in 1974. He faced Democrat Ray Blanton, a former congressman and unsuccessful 1972 Senate candidate. Blanton attacked Alexander for his service under Nixon, who had resigned in disgrace several months earlier. He also portrayed Alexander as being too distant from average Tennesseeans, even though Alexander was the son of teachers. Blanton would win the election 56%-44%. In 1977, he once again worked in Senator Baker's Washington office following Baker's election as Senate Minority Leader.

Governor of Tennessee

Even though the Tennessee State Constitution had been amended in early 1978 to allow a governor to succeed himself, Blanton chose not to seek re-election, due to a number of scandals. Alexander once again ran for governor, and made a name for himself by walking 1,000 miles across the state wearing a red and black plaid shirt. He defeated Knoxville banker Jake Butcher in the November election. In early 1979, a furor ensued over pardons made by Blanton that appeared to be made out of pure politics; some of them smacked of bribery. Since the state constitution is somewhat vague on when a governor must be sworn in, several political leaders from both parties, including Lieutenant Governor John S. Wilder and State House Speaker Ned McWherter, arranged for Alexander to be sworn in several days earlier than the traditional inauguration day. Wilder later called the move "impeachment Tennessee-style." Soon after being sworn in, Alexander ordered the state Highway Patrol to seize control of the state capitol to prevent any maneuvers by Blanton to regain office. Alexander made history by becoming the first person reelected to a second 4-year term by defeating Knoxville mayor Randy Tyree in the 1982 election, carrying almost 70% of Knox County. During his second term, he served as chairman of the National Governors Association from 1985 to 1986. After opting out of the 1984 U.S. Senate contest for the open seat of retiring Majority Leader Howard Baker, Alexander was constitutionally ineligible for a 3rd term and stepped down from the governorship in January 1987.

After governorship

Moving with his family to Australia for a time, he would soon return to Tennessee and became the president of the University of Tennessee (1988–1991), and United States Secretary of Education (1991–1993). In 1987, he helped found Corporate Child Care Management, Inc. (now known as Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc.), a company that -- via a merger -- is now the nation's largest provider of worksite day care. In his 2005 U.S. Sentate financial disclosure report, he listed personal ownership of BFAM (Bright Horizons Family Solutions) stock valued (at that time) between $1 million and $5 million dollars. He taught about the American character as a faculty member at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. He also made two unsuccessful runs for President of the United States, in the 1996 and 2000 election cycles. In 1996, he finished third in both the Iowa caucus and New Hampshire Primary and dropped out before the Super Tuesday primaries. After dropping out of the race, Alexander took an advisory role in the Dole/Kemp campaign.^[4] His second candidacy, in which he traveled around the U.S. in a Ford Explorer, eschewing a campaign bus or plane, lasted less than six months, being announced March 9, 1999, and withdrawn August 16, 1999 (after a poor showing in the Ames Straw Poll), both times in Nashville.^[5] An article in The New York Times during this period comments that Alexander's "bitter belief that party's nominating process is being short-circuited by big money and big media has become [his] consuming preoccupation," referring to the Republican Party.^[6]

Senate career

Despite vowing to never again return to elective office, he was nevertheless persuaded by the White House to run for the open seat of retiring Senator Fred Thompson in 2002. Seen as a moderate Republican by Tennessee standards, his candidacy was vigorously opposed by conservatives who supported Congressman Ed Bryant, who had become one of the House managers during the 1998 impeachment of President Bill Clinton. Alexander was better-funded and armed with more prominent endorsements, winning by a closer-than-expected margin over Bryant in the primary. Democrats had high hopes of recovering the seat with their candidate, Nashville Congressman Bob Clement, a member of a prominent political family. Despite grumblings by conservatives to defect to the moderately liberal Clement, Alexander was successful in defeating Clement in the general election that year. With his election to the U.S. Senate, he became the first Tennessean to be popularly elected both governor and senator. At 62, Alexander also became the oldest elected freshman U.S. Senator from Tennessee since Democrat Lawrence D. Tyson in 1924. Senator Alexander currently sits on the Appropriations Committee, the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, and the Senate Rules Committee. He is the ranking minority member on the Subcommittee on Children and Families and the Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, and Children’s Health Protection. He also co-chairs the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Caucus. Though he announced that he had secured the requisite number of votes to become the Republican Party's Minority Whip in the Senate during the 110th Congress, he lost the election to former Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott by one vote. Before the Iraq War began, Alexander supported sending troops to Iraq and expressed his agreement with President Bush that Iraq must be dealt with immediately.^[7] A year after the war began, Alexander stated that the Iraq War had provided "lessons" to the nation, but went on to say that American troops should not be withdrawn, saying "It would be even worse if we left before the job was done."^[8] In 2007, Alexander touted implementing the Iraq Study Group recommendations, noting that he believes Bush will be viewed as a Truman-esque figure if he implements the Group's recommendations.^[9][10] Alexander has, however, opposed most efforts in the Senate to bring an end to the Iraq War or reduce the number of troops in Iraq, voting, for example, against an amendment to a bill that would have required that soldiers be given minimum periods of rest before being redeployed to Iraq.^[11] In 2007, a species of springtail, Cosberella lamaralexanderi, was named in his honor partially because of his support in the Senate for scientic research funding.

Senate re-election bid

Main article: Tennessee United States Senate election, 2008

Senator Alexander announced his intention to seek re-election to the Senate in 2008. He made this announcement in his hometown of Maryville on April 3, 2007.^[12] In 2007 there have been rumors that former Congressman Harold Ford Jr., who unsuccessfully ran against Bob Corker for the Tennessee Senate seat vacated by former majority leader Bill Frist, will run against Alexander in 2008.

Controversy and criticism

TRACS criticism

The Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) in 1987 was denied recognition for the group to accredit schools. An advisory panel repeatedly recommended against recognizing TRACS as an accreditor, but in 1991 Education Secretary Lamar Alexander approved TRACS.^[13] In 1993, Steve Levicoff published a book-length critical discussion of TRACS and Alexander's decision in , through the Institute on Religion and Law.^[14]

Electoral history

Tennessee U.S. Senate Election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Lamar Alexander	888,223	54.3
	Democratic	Bob Clement	726,510	44.2

Tennessee Gubernatorial Election, 1982
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Lamar Alexander (Incumbent)	737,693	59.56	+3.72
	Democratic	Randy Tyree	500,937	40.44

Tennessee Gubernatorial Election, 1978
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Lamar Alexander	661,959	55.84
	Democratic	Jake Butcher	523,495	44.16

Tennessee Gubernatorial Election, 1974
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Ray Blanton	576,833	55.88
	Republican	Lamar Alexander	455,467	44.12

United States presidential election, 1996 (Republican primaries)^[15]:

• Bob Dole - 9,024,742 (58.82%)
• Pat Buchanan - 3,184,943 (20.76%)
• Steve Forbes - 1,751,187 (11.41%)
• Lamar Alexander - 495,590 (3.23%)
• Alan Keyes - 471,716 (3.08%)
• Dick Lugar - 127,111 (0.83%)
• Unpledged delegates - 123,278 (0.80%)
• Phil Gramm - 71,456 (0.47%)
• Bob Dornan - 42,140 (0.28%)
• Morry Taylor - 21,180 (0.14%)

Republican Senate Minority Whip^[16]

• Trent Lott (MS) - 25 (51.02%)
• Lamar Alexander (TN) - 24 (48.98%)

Senate Republican Conference Chairman^[17]:

• Lamar Alexander (TN) - 31 (65.96%)
• Richard Burr (NC) - 16 (34.04%)

Footnotes

External links

• United States Senator Lamar Alexander, U.S. Senate site
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Issue positions and quotes at On The Issues
• New York Times — Lamar Alexander News collected news and commentary
• SourceWatch Congresspedia — Lamar Alexander profile
• Congress and Scouting BSA Fact Sheet

Political offices
Preceded by Ray Blanton	Governor of Tennessee 1979 – 1987	Succeeded by Ned McWherter
Preceded by Lauro Cavazos	United States Secretary of Education Served Under: George H.W. Bush 1991–1993	Succeeded by Richard Riley
United States Senate
Preceded by Fred Thompson	United States Senator (Class 2) from Tennessee 2003-01-03 – present	Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Winfield Dunn	Republican Party nominee for Governor of Tennessee 1974, 1978, 1982	Succeeded by Winfield Dunn
Preceded by Jon Kyl	Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference December 19, 2007 – present	Incumbent
Academic offices
Preceded by Edward Boling	President of the University of Tennessee 1988 – 1991	Succeeded by Joseph E. Johnson

•  • e United States Secretaries of Education
Hufstedler • Bell • Bennett • Cavazos • Alexander • Riley • Paige • Spellings

•  • e Governors of Tennessee

Sevier • Roane • Sevier • Blount • McMinn • Carroll • Houston • Hall • Carroll • Cannon • Polk • Jones • A Brown • N Brown • Trousdale • Campbell • Johnson • Harris • Johnson • East • Brownlow • Senter • J Brown • Porter • Marks • Hawkins • Bate • R Taylor • Buchanan • Turney • R Taylor • McMillin • Frazier • Cox • Patterson • Hooper • Rye • Roberts • A Taylor • Peay • Horton • McAlister • Browning • Cooper • McCord • Browning • Clement • Ellington • Clement • Ellington • Dunn • Blanton • Alexander • McWherter • Sundquist • Bredesen

•  • e United States Senators from Tennessee
Class 1	Cocke · A. Jackson · Smith · J. Anderson · Campbell · Eaton · Grundy · Foster · Grundy · Nicholson · Foster · Turney · Jones · Johnson · Patterson · Brownlow · Johnson · Key · Bailey · H. Jackson · Whitthorne · Bate · Frazier · Lea · McKellar · Gore, Sr. · Brock III · Sasser · Frist · Corker
Class 2	Blount · J. Anderson · Cocke · Smith · Whiteside · Campbell · Wharton · Williams · A. Jackson · White · A. Anderson · Jarnagin · Bell · Nicholson · Fowler · Cooper · Harris · Turley · Carmack · Taylor · Sanders · Webb · Shields · Tyson · Brock I · Hull · Bachman · Berry · Stewart · Kefauver · Walters · Bass · Baker · Gore, Jr. · Mathews · Thompson · Alexander

Tennessee's current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators	Lamar Alexander (R), Bob Corker (R)
Representative(s)	David Davis (R), Jimmy Duncan (R), Zach Wamp (R), Lincoln Davis (D), Jim Cooper (D), Bart Gordon (D), Marsha Blackburn (R), John Tanner (D), Steve Cohen (D)
All delegations	Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming — American Samoa • District of Columbia • Guam • Puerto Rico • U.S. Virgin Islands

•  • e Current members of the United States Senate
AL: Shelby (R), Sessions (R) AK: Stevens (R), Murkowski (R) AZ: McCain (R), Kyl (R) AR: Lincoln (D), Pryor (D) CA: Feinstein (D), Boxer (D) CO: Allard (R), Salazar (D) CT: Dodd (D), Lieberman (I) DE: Biden (D), Carper (D) FL: Nelson (D), Martinez (R) GA: Chambliss (R), Isakson (R) HI: Inouye (D), Akaka (D) ID: Craig (R), Crapo (R) IL: Durbin (D), Obama (D) IN: Lugar (R), Bayh (D) IA: Grassley (R), Harkin (D) KS: Brownback (R), Roberts (R) KY: McConnell (R), Bunning (R) LA: Landrieu (D), Vitter (R) ME: Snowe (R), Collins (R) MD: Mikulski (D), Cardin (D) MA: Kennedy (D), Kerry (D) MI: Levin (D), Stabenow (D) MN: Coleman (R), Klobuchar (D) MS: Cochran (R), Wicker (R) MO: Bond (R), McCaskill (D) MT: Baucus (D), Tester (D) NE: Hagel (R), Nelson (D) NV: Reid (D), Ensign (R) NH: Gregg (R), Sununu (R) NJ: Lautenberg (D), Menendez (D) NM: Domenici (R), Bingaman (D) NY: Schumer (D), Clinton (D) NC: Dole (R), Burr (R) ND: Conrad (D), Dorgan (D) OH: Voinovich (R), Brown (D) OK: Inhofe (R), Coburn (R) OR: Wyden (D), Smith (R) PA: Specter (R), Casey (D) RI: Reed (D), Whitehouse (D) SC: Graham (R), DeMint (R) SD: Johnson (D), Thune (R) TN: Alexander (R), Corker (R) TX: Hutchison (R), Cornyn (R) UT: Hatch (R), Bennett (R) VT: Leahy (D), Sanders (I) VA: Warner (R), Webb (D) WA: Murray (D), Cantwell (D) WV: Byrd (D), Rockefeller (D) WI: Kohl (D), Feingold (D) WY: Enzi (R), Barrasso (R)
Republican • Democrat • Independent

•  • e Current United States Senate leadership
Presiding officers	Dick Cheney (R) (U.S. Vice President and Senate President) · Robert Byrd (D) (President pro tempore) · Ted Stevens (R) (President pro tem emeritus)
Majority (Democratic)	Harry Reid (Leader and the Conference Chairman)  · Richard Durbin (Whip) · Chuck Schumer (Vice Chairman of the Conference and Campaign Committee Chair) · Patty Murray (Secretary) · Byron Dorgan (Policy Committee Chairman) · Barbara Boxer (Chief Deputy Whip) · Russ Feingold, Tom Carper, Bill Nelson (Deputy Whip)
Minority (Republican)	Mitch McConnell (Leader) · Jon Kyl (Whip)  · Lamar Alexander (Conference Chairman) · John Cornyn (Vice Chairman and Secretary) · Kay Bailey Hutchison (Policy Committee Chairwoman)

Persondata
NAME	Alexander, Lamar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Alexander, Andrew Lamar
SHORT DESCRIPTION	senior United States Senator from Tennessee
DATE OF BIRTH	July 3, 1940
PLACE OF BIRTH	Maryville, Tennessee
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH