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Léon Brunschvicg |
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January 18 1944 (aged 74) |
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Léon Brunschvicg (November 10, 1869–January 18, 1944) was a French Idealist philosopher. He co-founded the Revue de métaphysique et de morale with Xavier Leon and Élie Halévy in 1893.
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Life
In 1909 he became professor of philosophy at the Sorbonne. He was married to Cécile Kahn [1], a major campaigner for women's suffrage in France, with whom he had four children. Forced to leave his position at the Sorbonne by the Nazis, Brunschvicg fled to the south of France, where he died at the age of 74. While in hiding, he wrote studies of Montaigne, Descartes, and Pascal that were printed in Switzerland. He composed a manual of philosophy dedicated to his teenage granddaughter entitled Héritage de Mots, Héritage d'Idées (Legacy of Words, Legacy of Ideas) which was published posthumously after the liberation of France. His reinterpretation of Descartes has become the foundation for a new idealism. Brunschvicg defined philosophy as "the mind's methodical self-reflection" and gave a central role to judgement. The publication of Brunschvicg's oeuvre has been recently completed after unpublished materials held in Russia were returned to his family in 2001.
Works (selective list)
- La Modalité du jugement, Paris, Alcan, 1897.
- Spinoza et ses contemporains, Paris, Alcan, 1923.
- L'idéalisme contemporain, Paris, Alcan, 1905.
- Les étapes de la philosophie mathématique, Paris, Alcan, 1912.
- L'expérience humaine et la causalité physique, Paris, Alacn, 1922.
- Le progrès de la conscience dans la philosophie occidentale, Paris, Alcan, 1927.
- La Physique au vingtième siècle, Paris, Hermann, 1939.
- La Raison et la religion, Paris, Alcan, 1939.
- Héritage de mots, héritage d'idées, Paris, PUF, 1945.
- Agenda retrouvé, 1892-1942, Paris, Minuit, 1948.
- La philosophie de l'esprit, Paris, PUF, 1949.
- De la vraie et de la fausse conversion, Paris, PUF, 1950.
- ECRITS PHILOSOPHIQUES :
- I. L'Humanisme de l'occident. Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Paris, PUF, 1951.
- II. L'orientation du rationalisme, Paris, PUF, 1954.
- III. Science - Religion, Paris, PUF, 1958.
Bibliography
- René Boirel, Brunschvicg. Sa vie, son œuvre avec un exposé de sa philosophie, Paris, PUF, 1964.
- Marcel Deschoux, La philosophie de Léon Brunschvicg, Paris, PUF, 1949.
- Gary Gutting, French Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
English Translations
- Lafrance, Jean-David: "Physics and Metaphysics" and "On the Relations of Intellectual Consciousness and Moral Consciousness" in The Philosophical Forum, 2006, Volume 37, Issue 1, pages 53-74.
