Koch is a German surname meaning cook and may refer to:
- Bill Koch - cross-country skier
- Billy Koch - Major league baseball relief pitcher
- Carl Ludwig Koch and his son Ludwig Carl Christian Koch - German entomologists specializing in arachnology
- Charles G. Koch - Billionaire, heir and CEO of Koch Industries and co-founder of the free-market Cato Institute.
- Christof Koch
- David Koch (analyst), Australian financial analyst and TV presenter
- David H. Koch - Billionaire, 1980 Libertarian Party Vice-Presidential candidate, heir to Koch Industries
- Dorothy Bush Koch
- Edward I. Koch, American mayor of New York City
- Erich Koch, Gauleiter of East Prussia
- Fred C. Koch, Founder of Koch Industries, and supporter of the John Birch Society.
- Georg Koch, German football goalkeeper, playing for Dinamo Zagreb.
- Helge von Koch, Swedish mathematician, originator of the eponymous Koch snowflake
- Hawk Koch, American film producer
- Howard Koch, American screenwriter
- Howard W. Koch, American film director/producer
- Ilse Koch, wife of Karl, "The Bitch of Buchenwald"
- Julius Koch - list of tallest people
- Karl Koch (botanist), German botanist
- Karl Koch (director), German film director and writer
- Karl Otto Koch, German first commandant of Buchenwald
- Kees Koch (born 1936), Dutch discus thrower
- Kenneth Koch, an American poet
- Lauge Koch, Danish expedition leader in Greenland
- Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (1825-1908), German entomologist and arachnologist
- Marita Koch (born 1957), German sprint athlete
- Martin Koch, Swedish novelist
- Peter Koch, American photographer
- Richard Koch
- Robert Koch, German physician, discoverer of the tubercle and cholera bacilli, Nobel Prize in Medicine laureate in 1905
- Koch's postulates, formulated by Robert Koch
- Robert Michael Koch- Student and Child Actor
- Roland Koch, German politician
- Walter Karl Koch, German surgeon
- Werner Koch
- William I. "Bill" Koch, America's Cup yachtsman, businessman, and son of Fred Koch
