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The Kingdom of Northern Lusitania was a kingdom proposed by Napoleon in 1807 for the Monarch of Etruria, Charles II of Parma, located in the North of Portugal. In 1807 Portugal refused Napoleon's demand to accede to the Continental System of embargo against the United Kingdom. Napoleon, having signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau in October 27 1807 with Spain, defined the occupation of Portugal, proposing that the country would be divided into three different States:
- Kingdom of Northern Lusitania (in the north of Portugal, between the rivers Douro and Minho and including main cities as Porto and Braga; named after the Roman province of Lusitania).
- Portugal (reduced to the region between the rivers Douro and Tagus, including the capital city of Lisbon; to be ruled directly by France).
- Algarves (corresponding to all southern Portugal, south of the river Tagus, including the regions of the Algarve and Alentejo, to be ruled by the Spanish Duke Manuel de Godoy, with the title of King).
A French invasion under Marshal Junot followed, and the capital city of Lisbon was captured on 1 December 1807. British intervention in the Peninsular War, under Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, restored Portuguese independence, the last French troops being expelled in 1812.
