Karachi

Karachi ڪراچي
—  City District  —
Karachi City District
The mausoleum of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Location within Pakistan
Coordinates: 24°51′36″N 67°00′36″E / 24.86, 67.01
Country	Pakistan
Province	Sindh
Municipal Committee	1853
Municipal Corporation	1933
Metropolitan Corporation	1976
City District Government	14th August 2001
City Council	City Complex, Gulshan Town
Towns	18
Government [1]
- Type	City District
- City Nazim	Mustafa Kamal (Azad MQM)
- Naib Nazim	Nasreen Jalil
Area [2]
- Total	3,527 km² (1,356 sq mi)
Elevation	8 m (26 ft)
Population (2007)[3]
- Total	12,315,843
- Density	3,491.9/km² (9,082.5/sq mi)
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)
Area code(s)	021
Website: http://www.karachicity.gov.pk

Karachi (help·info) (Sindhi: ڪراچي, Urdu: كراچى) is one of the most populous cities in the world, the largest city in Pakistan and the provincial capital of Sindh province. Located on the coast of the Arabian Sea, north-west of the Indus River Delta, it was the original capital of Pakistan and remains the cultural and economic hub, as well as being the largest seaport of the country. Its leading economic sectors include finance, business services, transportation, media, television production, publishing, software production, medical research, education and tourism. Spread over 3,530 square kilometres (1,363 sq mi), the city and suburbs comprise the world's twentieth largest metropolitan area.^[4] The city credits its growth to the mixed populations of economic and political migrants and refugees from different national, provincial, linguistic and religious origins who have largely come to settle here permanently. It is locally termed as the "City of Lights" (روشنين جو شهر) for its liveliness and the "City of The Quaid" (شهرِ قائد), having been the birth and death place of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, as well as his home after 1947. Residents of Karachi are called "Karachiites".

Contents 1 History 2 Geography and climate 3 Government 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Culture 7 Education 8 Sports 9 Shopping 10 Transportation 11 Real estate 12 Challenges 13 Sister Cities 14 See also 15 References 16 Notes 17 External links

History

Main article: History of Karachi

The Baloch tribes from Balochistan and Makran established a small settlement of fishing communities, many of whom still inhabit sections of Sindh, and called it Kolachi. The modern port-city of Karachi, however, was developed by authorities of the British Raj in the 19th century. Upon the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the city was selected to become the national capital, and was settled by Muslim immigrants from India, which radically expanded the city's population and transformed the demographics and economy. Karachi has faced major infrastructural and socio-economic challenges, but modern industries and businesses have developed in the city, and the population expanded even after the capital was moved to Islamabad in August 1960. The area of Karachi has been known to the ancient Greeks by many names: Krokola, the place where Alexander the Great camped to prepare a fleet for Babylonia after his campaign in the Indus valley; 'Morontobara' port (probably the modern Manora Island near the Karachi harbour), from where Alexander's admiral Nearchus sailed for back home; and Barbarikon, a sea port of the Indo-Greek Bactrian kingdom. It was also known as the port of Debal to the Arabs, from where Muhammad bin Qasim led his conquering force into South Asia in 712 AD. According to the British historian Eliot, parts of city of Karachi and the island of Manora constituted the city of Debal.

The present city started its life as a fishing settlement where a Sindhi fisherwoman by the name of Mai Kolachi took up residence and started a family. The village that later grew out of this settlement was known as Kolachi-jo-Goth (The Village of Kolachi in Sindhi). By the late 1700s this village started trading across the sea with Muscat and the Persian Gulf region which led to its gaining importance. A small fort was constructed for its protection, armed with cannons imported from Muscat. The fort had two main gateways: one facing the sea, known as Khara Darwaaza (Brackish Gate) and the other facing the adjoining Lyari river known as the Meetha Darwaaza (Sweet Gate). The location of these gates corresponds to the present-day city localities of Khaaradar (Khārā Dar) and Meethadar (Mīṭhā Dar) respectively. In 1795, the village became a domain of the Balochi Talpur rulers of Sindh. A small factory was opened by the British in September 1799, but was closed down within a year. After sending a couple of exploratory missions to the area, the British East India Company conquered the town on February 3, 1839. The village was later annexed to the British Indian Empire when the province of Sindh was conquered by Charles Napier in 1843. Kolachi was added along with the rest of Sindh to the jurisdiction of the Bombay Presidency. The British realized its importance as a military cantonment and a port for exporting the produce of the Indus basin, and rapidly developed its harbour for shipping. The foundations of a city municipal government were laid down and infrastructure development was undertaken. New businesses started opening up and the population of the town started rising rapidly. Karachi quickly turned into a city, making true the famous quote by Napier who is known to have said: Would that I could come again to see you in your grandeur!

In 1857, the First Indian War for Independence broke out in the subcontinent and the 21st Native Infantry stationed in Karachi declared allegiance to revolters, joining their cause on September 10, 1857. Nevertheless, the British were rapidly able to reassert their control over Karachi and defeat the uprising. Karachi was known as Khurachee Scinde (i.e. Karachi, Sindh) during the early British colonial rule. In 1864, the first telegraphic message was sent from India to England when a direct telegraph connection was laid down between Karachi and London. In 1878, the city was connected to the rest of British India by railway line. Public building projects such as the Frere Hall (1865) and the Empress Market (1890) were undertaken. In 1876, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was born in the city, which by now had become a bustling city with railway, churches, mosques, courthouses, markets, paved streets and a magnificent harbour. By 1899 Karachi had become the largest wheat exporting port in the east (Feldman 1970:57). The population of the city had also risen to about 105,000 inhabitants by the end of the 19th century and was a cosmopolitan mix of Hindus and Muslims, European traders, Jews, Parsis, Iranians, Lebanese, and Goan merchants. By the turn of the century, the city faced street congestion, which led to India’s first tramway system being laid down in 1900. By 1914, Sindh had become a separate province out of the Bombay Presidency and Karachi was made the capital of the new province. By the time the new country of Pakistan was formed in 1947, Karachi had become a bustling metropolitan city with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings lining the city’s thoroughfares. Karachi was chosen as the capital city of Pakistan and accommodated a huge influx of migrants and refugees to the newly formed country. The demographics of the city also changed drastically; however, it still maintained a great cultural diversity as its new inhabitants arrived from all parts of the subcontinent. In 1958, the capital of Pakistan was shifted from Karachi to Rawalpindi and then to Islamabad in 1960. This marked the start of a long period of decline in the city, owing to a lack of governmental attention and development. The 1980s and 1990s saw an influx of refugees from the Afghan war into Karachi. Political tensions between the Muhajir groups (descendants of migrants from the partition era) and other groups also erupted and the city was wracked with political and sectarian violence. Most of these tensions have now simmered down. Karachi continues to be an important financial and industrial centre for the country and handles most of the overseas trade of Pakistan and the central Asian countries. It accounts for a large portion of the GDP of Pakistan and a large chunk of the country's white collar workers. Karachi's population has continued to grow and is estimated to have passed the 20 million mark, although official figures still show a population of around 14.5 million. The current economic boom in Pakistan has also resulted in a new period of resurgence in the economy of Karachi.

Geography and climate

Main article: Climate of Karachi

Karachi is located in the south of Sindh, on the coast of the Arabian Sea. The city covers an area of approximately 3,530 square kilometres (1,363 sq mi), comprised largely of flat or rolling plains, with hills on the western and northern boundaries of the urban sprawl. Two rivers pass through the city: the River Malir which flows from the east towards the south and centre, and the River Lyari, which flows from north to the south west. The Port of Karachi is a sheltered bay to the south-west of the city, protected from storms by the Sandspit Beach, the Manora Island and the Oyster Rocks. The Arabian Sea beach lines the southern coastline of Karachi. Dense mangroves and creeks of the Indus delta can be found towards the south east side of the city. Towards the west and the north is Cape Monze, an area marked with projecting sea cliffs and rocky sandstone promontories. Some excellent beaches can also be found in this area. Located on the coast, Karachi tends to have a relatively mild climate with low levels of average precipitation (approximately 10 inches per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the July-August monsoon season. Winters are mild and the summers are hot, however the proximity to the sea maintains humidity levels at a near-constant high and cool sea breezes relieve the heat of the summer months. Due to high temperatures during the summer (ranging from 30 to 44 degrees Celsius from April to August), the winter months (November to February) are generally considered the best times to visit Karachi. July, December and January have pleasing and cloudy weather when most of the social events, ranging from weddings to charity fundraisers, frequently take place. Tourists and expatriates visit Karachi in these months, Highest recorded is 47.8 °C (118.0 °F) and lowest is 0 °C (32 °F).^[5]

Karachi temperatures	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Avg. high (in °C)	25	26	29	35	35	35	33	31	31	38	31	27
Avg. low (in °C)	13	14	19	23	26	28	27	26	25	30	18	14

Government

Main article: Mayors of Karachi

The City of Karachi Municipal Act was promulgated in 1933. Initially the Municipal Corporation comprised the mayor, the deputy mayor and 57 councillors. The Karachi Municipal Corporation was changed to a Metropolitan Corporation in 1976. The administrative area of Karachi was a second-level subdivision known as Karachi Division, which was subdivided into five districts: Karachi Central, Karachi East, Karachi South, Karachi West and Malir. In 2000, the government of Pakistan designed a new devolution ;' financial resources and responsibilities. This plan abolished the earlier second-level division and merged the five districts of Karachi into a Karachi District. When the devolution plan was implemented in 2001, this district officially became a City District, with the City District Government of Karachi handling its government. Karachi now has a three-tier federated system, formed by:

• The City District Government (CDG)
• Town Municipal Administrations
• Union Council Administrations

The City District of Karachi is divided into eighteen towns governed by elected municipal administrations responsible for infrastructure and spatial planning, development facilitation, and municipal services (water, sanitation, solid waste, repairing roads, parks, street lights, and traffic engineering), with some functions being retained by the CDG. The towns are sub-divided into 178 localities governed by elected union councils (UC's), which are the core element of the local government system. Each UC is a body of thirteen directly elected members including a Nazim (mayor) and a Naib Nazim (deputy mayor). The UC Nazim heads the union administration and is responsible for facilitating the CDG to plan and execute municipal services, as well as for informing higher authorities about public concerns and complaints. In the local elections of 2005, Mustafa Kamal was elected City Nazim of Karachi to succeed Naimatullah Khan and Nasreen Jalil was elected as the City Naib Nazim. Mustafa Kamal was previously the provincial minister for information technology in Sindh before assuming office as the city's mayor. His predecessor, Naimatullah Khan was chosen as one of the best mayors in Asia.^[6] Mustafa Kamal is advancing the development trail left by Naimatullah Khan, and has been actively involved in maintaining care of the city's municipal systems.^[7]

Baldia Town Bin Qasim Town Gadap Town Gulberg Town Gulshan Town Jamshed Town

Kemari Town Korangi Town Landhi Town Liaquatabad Town Lyari Town Malir Town

New Karachi Town Orangi Town Saddar Town Shah Faisal Town SITE Town North Nazimabad Town

• Note: Defence Housing Society Karachi is located in Karachi but is separately administered by the Defence Housing Authority of the Pakistan Army.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Karachi

Year	Urban Population
1856	56,875
1872	56,753
1881	73,560
1891	105,199
1901	136,297
1911	186,771
1921	244,162
1931	300,799
1941	435,887
1951	1,068,459
1961	1,912,598
1972	3,426,310
1981	5,208,132
1998	9,269,265
2007	12,315,843[3]

The population and demographic distribution in Karachi has undergone numerous changes over the past 150 years. Non-governmental and international sources estimate Karachi's current population at about 20 million^[8] — a huge increase over its population in 1947 (400,000). The city's population is currently growing at about 5% per year (mainly on account of rural-urban internal migration), including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city every month from different parts of Pakistan.^[9] Karachi is one of the largest megacities in the world. Before 1947, Karachi had large communities of Parsis, Jews, Hindus, Christians, Balochis, Gujaratis, and Sindhis. After independence, a large number of Hindus left the city for India and were replaced by Urdu-speaking Muslim refugees now known as Muhajirs. The Muhajirs originated from different parts of India and brought with them their local cultures and cuisines, further adding to the already diverse mix of people that earlier inhabited Karachi. Currently, these older groups and continuing migration from different parts of Pakistan have contributed to a very cosmopolitan mix of residents. The new government of the Pakistan Muslim League allotted most of the property left over by the departing Hindus and other groups to the Indian immigrants in order to help them settle into the new country. However, the large number of Muhajirs also formed the dominant political majority in the city, which gave them substantial political clout, to the chagrin of the earlier provincial Sindhi and Balochi inhabitants. Also, the vagaries of mass migration of populations between the two newly independent countries gave rise to ethnic tensions which have surfaced in Karachi from time to time. Since 1979, due to the Soviet war in Afghanistan and continued upheavals in their country, a steady stream of Afghan refugees have also taken up permanent residence in and around Karachi^[10]. These refugees now number more than one million and comprise a number of ethnic groups: Pakhtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, and Turkmen. There are also hundreds of thousands of Arabs, Iranians, Filipinos, Arakani refugees (from Rakhine State in Myanmar), Bosniaks, Albanians, Poles, Lebanese, Armenians, Goans, Bengalis and African immigrants who are also settled in Karachi. Most refugee minorities of the city live in poor neighbourhoods. According to the 1998 census, the linguistic distribution of the city is: Urdu: 48.52%; Punjabi: 13.94%; Sindhi: 7.22%; Pashto: 11.42%; Balochi: 4.34%; Saraiki: 2.11%; others: 12.4%. The others include Gujarati, Dawoodi Bohra, Memon, Brahui, Makrani, Khowar, Burushaski, Arabic, Persian and Bengali^[11]. The religious breakup of the city is as follows: Muslim: 96.49%; Christian: 2.35%; Hindu: 0.83%; Qadiani: 0.17%; others 0.13%. The others include Parsis, Jews and Buddhists^{[12] [13]}

Economy

Main article: Economy of Karachi

Karachi is the financial capital of Pakistan; it accounts for the lion's share of GDP and revenue. It generates over 60% of the total national revenue (federal and provincial taxes, customs and surcharges).^[14] Karachi produces about 42 percent of value added in large scale manufacturing. In February 2007, the World Bank identified Karachi as the most business-friendly city in Pakistan.^[15] Most of Pakistan's public and private banks are headquartered on Karachi's I.I. Chundrigar Road, while most major foreign multinational corporations operating in Pakistan have their headquarters in Karachi. The Karachi Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in Pakistan, and is considered by many economists to be one of the prime reasons for Pakistan's 8% GDP growth across 2005^[16]. During the 1960s, Karachi was seen as an economic role model around the world, and there was much praise for the way its economy was progressing. Many countries sought to emulate Pakistan's economic planning strategy and one of them, South Korea, copied the city's second "Five-Year Plan" and World Financial Centre in Seoul is designed and modeled after Karachi.^[17][18] The Port of Karachi and nearby Port Qasim are the two main seaports of Pakistan, and Jinnah International Airport is the largest & the busiest airport in Pakistan.

Recently, Karachi has seen an expansion of information and communications technology and electronic media and has become the software outsourcing hub of Pakistan. Call centres for foreign companies have been targeted as a significant area of growth, with the government making efforts to reduce taxes by as much as 80% in order to gain foreign investments in the IT sector^[19][20] Many of Pakistan’s independent television and radio channels are based in Karachi including Geo, ARY, Hum, AAJ TV, CNBC Pakistan and Dawn News as well as several local stations. Karachi has several large industrial zones such as SITE, Korangi, Northern Bypass Industrial Zone, Bin Qasim and North Karachi located on the fringes of the main city^[21]. The primary areas are textiles, pharmaceuticals, steel, and automobiles. In addition, Karachi has a vibrant cottage industry and there is a rapidly flourishing Free Zone with an annual growth rate of nearly 6.5%.

The Karachi Expo Centre hosts many regional and international exhibitions^[22]. Karachi has branches of major motor companies such as Toyota, Honda, BMW, Audi, Porsche, Mercedes, Rolls Royce, Nissan and Suzuki, as well as the Adam Motor Company and HinoPak.^{[23] [24]} There are many development projects proposed, approved and under construction in Karachi city. Among projects of note, Emaar Properties is proposing to invest $43bn (£22.8bn) in Karachi to develop Bundal Island, which is a 12,000 acre (49 km²) island just off the coast of Karachi^[25]. The Karachi Port Trust is planning a Rs. 20 billion, 1,947 feet (593 m) high Port Tower Complex on the Clifton shoreline.^[26][27] It will comprise a hotel, a shopping centre, an exhibition centre and a revolving restaurant with a viewing gallery offering a panoramic view of the coastline and the city. Other projects include: MCB Tower (completed), Crescent Bay, Karachi (under construction), Karachi Waterfront (approved), Karachi Creek Marina (under construction), Sugarland City (approved), Dolmen Towers (under construction), I.T. Tower (approved), Buddo Island (approved), Square One Towers (under construction), Sign Tower (approved), Karachi Mass Transit System, Enshaa Towers (approved), Karachi FPCCI Tower (proposed), City Centre (proposed), Malir Expressway (proposed), Northern Bypass Industrial Area (under construction).

Culture

See also: Cinema in Karachi

Karachi is home to some of Pakistan's important cultural institutions. The National Academy of Performing Arts, ^[28] located in the newly renovated Hindu Gymkhana offers a two year diploma course in performing arts that include classical music and contemporary theatre. The All Pakistan Music Conference, linked to the 45-year old similar institution in Lahore, has been holding its Annual Music Festival since its inception in 2004. The Festival is now a well-established feature of the city life of Karachi that is awaited anxiously and attended by more than 3000 citizens of Karachi as well as people from other cities.^[29] The National Arts Council (Koocha-e-Saqafat) also has musical performances and Mushaira (poetry recitations). Karachi has a few museums including the Mohatta Palace Museum that regularly has exhibitions as well as the National Museum of Pakistan. The Kara Film Festival organized annually showcases independent Pakistani and international films and documentaries. The everyday lifestyle of Karachi differs substantially from that of other Pakistani towns. The culture of Karachi is characterized by the blending of Middle Eastern, South Asian and Western influences, as well as the status of the city as a major international business centre. As a whole, there is considerable diversity in culture, and this diversity has produced unique cultural amalgam of its own type. Karachi also hosts the largest middle class stratum of the country.

Education

Main articles: List of educational institutions in Karachi and List of universities in Karachi

The Narayan Jagannath High School at Karachi was the first government school established in Sindh. It was opened in October 1855. Karachi has well known educational institutes of international standards. Most universities of Karachi are considered to be amongst the premier educational institutions of Pakistan. The University of Karachi, simply referred as KU is the second largest university in Pakistan having one of the largest faculties in Karachi. Coincidentally it is located besides the NED University, the oldest engineering institute of Pakistan. Karachi is also host to the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), founded in 1955 and the oldest business school outside North America. Alumni of IBA include former Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. Other notable universities include the Virtual University of Karachi (introduced by the Science and Technology Ministry), Hamdard University, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (Szabist), Agha Khan Medical University, Iqra University and Institute of Business and Technology (BIZTEK).

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport of the city, and is usually played in many small grounds around the city. Gully cricket, is played in the narrow by-lanes of the city. Night time cricket can be seen at weekends when people play brightly lit night matches on less traversed city streets. The major venue for cricket matches is the National Stadium but matches are also hosted at the UBL Sports Complex, The A.O. Cricket Stadium, the KCCA Cricket Ground, the Karachi Gymkhana Field and the DHA Cricket Stadium. Other popular sports in the city are hockey, boxing, association football, golf, table tennis, snooker, squash, and horse racing. Sports like badminton, volleyball and basketball are also popular in schools and colleges. Football is especially popular in Lyari Town which has always been a football-mad locality in Karachi. The Peoples Football Stadium is perhaps the largest football stadium in Pakistan with respect to capacity, easily accommodating around 40,000 people. In 2005, the city hosted the SAFF Cup Football Tournament at this ground, as well as the Geo Super Football League 2007 which attracted capacity crowds during the games. The city also has facilities for hockey (the Hockey Stadium of Pakistan, UBL Hockey Ground), boxing (KPT Sports Complex), squash (Jehangir Khan Squash Complex) and polo. Marinas and Boating Clubs also add to the diverse sporting activities in Karachi. Karachi has a number of sporting clubs such as the Karachi Gymkhana, the Sindh Club, the Karachi Club, Kashmir club, Aga Khan sports club, the Muslim Gymkhana, the Creek Club and the DHA Club that provide sporting facilities to their members, including tennis, badminton and squash courts, swimming pools, jogging tracks, gymnasiums, billiards and much more. There are two world class golf clubs, at DHA and Karsaz.

Shopping

Karachi is dotted with many shopping areas, large and small, attracting large crowds of shoppers in the evenings. Saddar, Gulf Shopping Mall, Bahadurabad, Tariq Road, Zamzama, Zaib-un-nissa Street (Elphinestone Street) Hyderi and Waterpump (Anarkali Bazar) are the most famous shopping areas in the city. One can find all sorts of clothing, garments, and fabrics in Karachi's bazaars, as well as a number of other items. The Saddar area in downtown Karachi is also home to countless large and small markets dealing from everyday household items to clothing and fabrics to electronics. Empress Market in Saddar is a large Victorian-era market, home to wholesalers of spices and other items. Saddar is also home to the Rainbow Centre, one of the largest hubs of pirated CDs in the world. Some other notable shopping areas include Paposh Market and Hydari.

Transportation

The Jinnah International Airport is located in Karachi. It is the largest and busiest airport of the country. It handles 10 million passengers a year. The airport also receives the largest number of foreign airlines, a total of 27 airlines fly to Jinnah International predominantly from the Middle East and South East Asia. All of Pakistan's airlines use Karachi as their Primary hub including Pakistan International Airlines, Aero Asia International, Airblue and Shaheen Air. The city's old airport terminals are now used for Hajj flights, cargo facilities, and ceremonial visits from heads of state. U.S. Coalition forces used the old terminals for their logistic supply operations as well. The city also has two other airstrips used primarily by the armed forces. Karachi has the largest shipping ports in Pakistan at the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim. These seaports have modern facilities and not only handle trade for Pakistan, but also serve as ports for Afghanistan and the land-locked Central Asian countries. Plans have been announced for new passenger facilities at Karachi Port. Karachi is linked by rail to the rest of the country by the Pakistan Railways. The Karachi City Station and Karachi Cantonment Station are the city's two major railway stations. The railway system handles a large amount of freight to and from the Karachi port apart from providing passenger services to people travelling up country. Plans are underway to extend the intra-city railway system to play a part in the city's mass transit through Karachi Circular Railway system. Currently, primarily motorists and minibuses handle commuter traffic, but there are plans to construct a light-rail based mass transit system in the city to decongest the roads and provide quick service to commuters.

Real estate

Karachi is located in semi-arid coastal desert area with very limited agriculture land along the two small seasonal rivers, Lyari River and Malir River that pass through the city. Before independence, the area around Karachi had sparse Balochi nomadic and fishing population and most of the land was state owned. At the time of independence, Karachi was chosen as the first capital of Pakistan and the land area came under tight state control. According to the data prepared by the Master Plan and Environmental Control Unit of the Karachi Development Authority (KDA) in 1988, nearly 400,000 acres (1600 km²) of the 425,529 acres (1722 km²) that make up Karachi's metropolitan area is in some form of public ownership. Government of Sindh owns 137,687 acres (557 km²), KDA 124,676 acres (504.5 km²), Karachi Port Trust (KPT) 25,259 acres (102 km²), Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) 24,189 acres (98 km²), Army Cantonment Board 18,596 acres (75 km²), Pakistan Steel Mills 19,461 acres (79 km²), Defence Housing Society 16,567 acres (67 km²), Port Qasim 12,961 acres (52 km²), Government of Pakistan 4,051 acres (16 km²) and Pakistan Railways 3,119 acres (13 km²). In late 1990s the undeveloped land belonging to KDA was transferred to the Malir Development Authority (MDA) and Lyari Development Authority (LDA).^[30] The Defence Housing Authority has purchased 12,000 acres (49 km²) of land from the Sindh government along the Super Highway and will build Phase II of Defence Housing Society.^[31]

Challenges

As one of the most rapidly growing cities in the world, Karachi faces challenges that are central to many developing metropolises including overcrowding, traffic, pollution, poverty and street crimes. The traffic and pollution is a major challenge for Karachi as it is for almost all the major cities in the world. The level of air pollution in Karachi is estimated to be 20 times higher than World Health Organization standards.^[32] A number of new parks have been developed and new trees are being planted in the city to improve the environment and reduce the pollution. Criminal negligence plagues the rapidly expanding infrastructure. There were floods reported in the city during the monsoon of 2007. The Northern Bypass bridge collapsed on 1st September 2007 after being inaugurated only one month back by President Pervez Musharraf. Despite efforts, the crime rate is rising and car and cell phone snatching has become an everyday scene. Due to its negligible cultural activities, traffic congestions and high crime rate, Karachi has been ranked fourth among the least livable cities in a survey by The Economist.^[33]

Sister Cities

• Shanghai, China since February 15, 1984^[34]
• Port Louis, Mauritius since May 1, 2007^[35]

See also

• 1945 Balochistan earthquake
• List of cemeteries in Karachi
• List of colleges in Karachi
• List of streets of Karachi
• List of hospitals in Karachi
• List of libraries in Karachi
• List of mayors of Karachi
• Cinema in Karachi
• List of parks in Karachi
• List of people from Karachi District
• List of police stations in Karachi
• List of Postal Codes of Karachi
• List of schools in Karachi
• List of sports venues in Karachi
• List of tallest buildings in Karachi
• List of Union Councils of Karachi
• List of universities in Karachi

References

Notes

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

External links

• Karachi City District Government
• Local Government Department, Sindh
• Karachi Port Trust
• Historic Karachi - Resource on Karachi's heritage
• {{{2}}} travel guide from Wikitravel
• Wikia has a wiki about this topic: Karachi
• Karachi at the Open Directory Project

•  • e Karachi related topics
History	History of Karachi, History of Sindh, Muhammad bin Qasim, British Raj, Indian rebellion of 1857, Pakistan movement, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mohajir
Geography	Indus River Delta, Manora Beach, Jehangir Kothari Parade, Clifton Beach, Hawke's Bay Beach, Paradise Point, Sandspit Beach, French Beach, Russian Beach, Clifton Oyster Rocks, Manora Island, Bundle Island, Cape Monze
Localities	Baldia Town, Bin Qasim Town, Gadap Town, Gulberg Town, Gulshan Town, Jamshed Town, Kiamari Town, Korangi Town, Landhi Town, Liaquatabad Town, Lyari Town, Malir Town, New Karachi Town, North Nazimabad Town, Orangi Town, Saddar Town, Shah Faisal Town, SITE Town, Defence Housing Society
Government	Mayors of Karachi, Karachi Division, The City District Government, Towns, Nazim
Sites of Interest	Clifton Beach, Mazar-e-Quaid, Masjid-e-Tooba, Port Fountain, Zamzama Commercial Area, Abdullah Shah Ghazi Mausoleum, Pakistan Air Force Museum, Pakistan Maritime Museum, National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi Expo Centre, Bhit Shah Island, Karachi Zoo, Bagh-e-Ibne Qasim, Beach Park
Buildings and Landmarks	Merewether Tower, Frere Hall, Khaliq Deena Hall, Jehangir Kothari Parade, Governor's House, St Patrick's Cathedral, Former Victoria Museum, Empress Market, KMC Building, MCB Tower, Habib Bank Plaza
Education	University of Karachi, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Usman Institute of Technology, Aga Khan University, Liaquat National Memorial Library, Institute of Business Administration, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, SSUET, Bahria University
Economy	Economy of Karachi, Bank AL Habib, Muslim Commercial Bank, I. I. Chundrigar Road, Karachi Stock Exchange, Karachi Port Trust, Port Qasim, television and radio channels, The Cotton Exchange, National Commodity Exchange Limited
Transport	Karachi City Station, Karachi Circular Railway, I. I. Chundrigar Road, Jinnah International Airport, Lyari Expressway, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road, Karachi Elevated Expressway
Hotels and Shopping Center	Avari Towers, Sheraton Hotel, Makro[1], Awami Markaz, Meena Bazar, Beach Luxury Hotel, Pearl Continental Hotel, Marriott Hotels, Hotel Jabees, Hotel Mehran, Hotel Sarawan, Gulf Hotel, Grand Mercure Karachi Airport Hotel, Carlton Hotel, Hotel Faran, Hotel Metropole, Regent Plaza Hotel, Hotel sofitel
Sports and Culture	National Academy of Performing Arts, Hyderabad Colony, National Arts Council, Chand Raat of Karachi, National Stadium, City Sports Complex, Women Sports Complex, UBL Sports Complex, A. O. Cricket Stadium, KCCA Cricket Ground, Karachi Gymkhana Field, DHA Cricket Stadium, Hockey Club of Pakistan, UBL Hockey Ground, KPT Sports Complex, Jahangir Khan Roshan Khan Squash Complex, DHA Asif Nawaz Squash Complex, PIA Squash Complex , Peoples Football Stadium, Polo Grounds, Karachi Gymkhana, Sindh Club, Karachi Club, Karachi Yacht Club, Muslim Gymkhana, Arabian Sea Country Club, Karachi Golf Club, Defence Golf Course, PNS Karsaz Golf Course
Other topics	Famous people from Karachi, List of cities in Pakistan, List of cities by population, List of universities in Karachi

•  • e Neighborhoods of Karachi

Abbasi Shaheed · Abu Zar Ghaffari · Agra Taj Colony · Aisha Manzil · Akhtar Colony · Al-Falah Society · Allama Binori Town · Allama Iqbal Colony · Ancholi · Awami Colony · Azam Basti · Aziz Bhatti Park · Azizabad · Baghdadi · Bahadurabad · Baldia Colony · Baloch Goth · Bandhani Colony · Bhit Shah Island · Bhutta Village · Bhutto Nagar · Bihar Colony · Bilal Colony · Buffer Zone · Buffer Zone-I · Burmee Colony · Cattle Colony · Central Jacob Lines · Chakiwara · Chakra Goth · Chanesar Goth · Chisti Nagar · City Railway Colony · Civic Centre · Civil Line · Clifton · Commercial Area · Dak Khana · Darsano Chana · Daryaabad · Data Nagar · Dawood Chowrangi · Delhi Mercantile Society · Drigh Colony · Essa Nagri · Faisal Colony · Farooq-e-Azam · Fatima Jinnah Colony · Firdous Colony · Gabo Pat · Gadap · Gaghar · Garden East · Garden · Gazdarabad · Ghabool Town · Gharibabad · Ghausia Colony · Ghazi Brohi Goth · Ghaziabad · Gillani Railway Station · Godhra · Gujro · Gulbahar · Gulistan-e-Jauhar · Gulshan-e-Ghazi · Gulshan-e-Hadeed · Gulshan-e-Iqbal · Gulshan-e-Iqbal I · Gulshan-e-Iqbal II · Gulshan-e-Saeed · Gulzar Colony · Hakim Ahsan · Hanifabad · Haryana Colony · Hasrat Mohani Colony · Hawke's Bay · Hundred Quarters · Hyderabad Colony · Hyderi · Ibrahim Hyderi · Iqbal Baloch Colony · Islam Nagar · Islam Pura · Ittehad Town · Jafar-e-Tayyar · Jahanabad · Jamali Colony · Jamshed (neighborhood) · Jamshed Quarters · Jut Line · Kala Board · Kalyana · Karimabad · Kehkashan · Khada Memon Society · Khamiso Goth · Khandu Goth · Kharadar · Khawaja Ajmeer Colony · Khawaja Ajmeer Nagri · Khokhra Par · Keamari · Korangi · Korangi Sector 33 · Landhi · Landhi Colony · Lyari · Machar Colony · Madina Colony · Mahmudabad · Malir · Manghopir · Manora · Manzoor Colony · Maripur · Maymarabad · Metroville Colony · Millat Nagar · Mithadar · Model Colony · Mohammad Nagar · Moinabad · Mominabad · Moria Khan Goth · Muhajir Camp · Mujahid Colony · Mujahidabad · Murad Memon Goth · Muslim Mujahid Colony · Muslimabad · Mustafa Taj Colony · Mustufa Colony · Muzafarabad · Nafeesabad · Nai Abadi · Nanak Wara · Naseerabad · Nasir Colony · Natha Khan Goth · Nawabad · Nazimabad · New Karachi · North Nazimabad · Old Haji Camp · Orangi · PECHS · PECHS-II · Pahar Ganj · Pak Sadat Colony · Pakistan Quarters · Paposh Nagar · Pir Ilahi Buksh Colony · Punjab Town · Quaidabad · Qasimabad · Rafa-e-Aam Society · Ragiwara · Raita Plot · Rasheedabad · Rehri · Rizvia Society · Saddar · Saeedabad · Safari Park · Safooran Goth · Sakhi Hassan · Saudabad · Shadman Town · Shafiq Mill Colony · Shah Baig Line · Shah Nawaz Bhutto Colony · Shanti Nagar · Sharafi Goth · Sharifabad · SherShah · Sherabad · Singo Line · Sir Syed Colony · Soldier Bazar · Songal · Sultanabad · Super Market · Taiser Town · Water Pump · Yaseenabad · Yousuf Goth · Zaman Town ·

•  • e Major Pakistani Cities
Capital Territory	Islamabad**
Sindh	Karachi*, Jacobabad, Hyderabad, Khairpur, Nawabshah, Sukkur, Thatta
Punjab	Attock, Bahawalpur, Chakwal, Chiniot, Faisalabad, Gujar Khan, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Jhelum, Kasur, Mianwali, Lahore*, Multan, Murree, Rahimyar Khan, Rawalpindi, Renala Khurd, Sadiqabad, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Taxila
NWFP	Abbottabad, Chitral, Haripur, Kohat, Kohistan, Peshawar*, Mansehra, Mardan, Nowshera, Swat
Balochistan	Gwadar, Quetta*
Azad Kashmir	Mirpur, Muzaffarabad*, Rawalakot
Northern Areas	Gilgit*, Skardu
* Indicates Regional Capitals ** Indicates Federal Capital

•  • e Topics related to Pakistan
Cities	Abbottabad  · Attock  · Bahawalpur  · Chitral  · Faisalabad  · Gilgit  · Gwadar  · Hyderabad  · Islamabad  · Karachi  · Khanewal  · Lahore  · Moenjodaro  · Multan  · Murree  · Nawabshah  · Peshawar  · Quetta  · Rawalpindi  · Sialkot  · Sukkur  · Taxila  · Thatta
History	14 Points of Jinnah  · Achaemenid dynasty  · Alexander the Great  · Anglo-Afghan wars  · Anglo-Sikh wars  · Ashoka the Great  · Babur  · Baghdad Pact  · Bangladesh Liberation War  · Caliph  · Delhi Sultanate  · Durrani Empire  · Ghaznavid Empire  · Greco-Bactrian Kingdom  · Greco-Buddhism  · History of Baluchistan  · Independence  · Indo-Greek Kingdom  · Indo-Pakistani War of 1947  · Indo-Pakistani War of 1965  · Indus Valley Civilization  · Islamic empires in India  · Kargil War  · Khalji  · Kushan Empire  · Lahore Resolution  · Lodhi  · Mahmud Ghaznavi  · Mauryan Empire  · Menander I  · Mughal Empire  · Muhammad bin Qasim  · Muhammad of Ghor  · Muslim League  · Nadir Shah  · Partition of India  · Pashtuns  · Qutb-ud-din Aybak  · Ranjit Singh  · Sayyid  · Solanki  · Vedic civilization  · Waziristan conflict
Politics	Chief Justice  · Constitution  · Demographics  · Districts  · Government of Sindh  · Government of Balochistan  · Elections  · Flag  · Foreign Relations  · Government  · Jirga  · Line of Succession to President  · Political parties  · Mayors  · National Assembly  · Senate  · Parliament  · President  · Prime Minister  · Subdivisions  · Supreme Court  · Terrorism
Sports	Pakistan Hockey Federation  · Pakistan Cricket Board  · Pakistan national cricket team  · Pakistan Test Cricket Umpires  · A1 Grand Prix  · Pakistan Premier League  · Pakistan National Football Challenge Cup  · Gilli-danda  · Kabaddi  · Bait Bazi  · Pakistan Open
Geography	Arabian Sea  · Baltoro Glacier  · Baroghil  · Broghol  · Clifton Beach  · Climate  · Demographics  · Dorah Pass  · Durand line  · Guddu Barrage  · Gumal Pass  · Hawke's Bay  · Himalayas  · Indus River  · Indian Ocean  · Indo-Gangetic plain  · Indus River Delta  · Indus Water Treaty  · K2  · Kalabagh Dam  · Karakoram  · Khyber Pass  · Lowarai Pass  · Lowari  · Cities  · Mountains  · Mazar-e-Quaid  · National Parks  · Nanga Parbat  · Rann of Kutch  · Salt Range  · Sandspit Beach  · Sarpo Laggo Glacier  · Sateen Jo Aastan  · Shandur  · Siachen Glacier  · Sukkur barrage
Economy	Airblue  · Airlines of Pakistan  · Communications  · Islamabad Stock Exchange  · Karachi Stock Exchange  · Lahore Stock Exchange  · Companies  · Low cost housing  · Pakistan International Airlines  · Railways  · Pakistani rupee  · Port of Karachi  · Port Qasim  · Poverty in Pakistan  · Tallest buildings  · Transport
Culture	A1 Grand Prix  · A1 Team Pakistan  · Basant  · Chand Raat  · Cinema  · Cuisine  · Hinduism  · Holidays  · Islam  · Kara Film Festival  · Languages  · Musicians  · TV and radio channels  · Lollywood  · Mosques  · Murree Beer  · Music  · Nationalism  · Pakistan Idol  · Pakistan national cricket team  · Literature  · Religion  · Sari  · Sherwani  · Sikhism  · Sports  · Sufi rock
Education	Lahore Museum  · Universities  · National Library of Pakistan  · Literature  · Poetry
Other	2004 in Pakistan  · 2007 Pakistani state of emergency  · Inter-Services Intelligence  · List of Pakistanis  · Military  · Pakistan Air Force  · Pakistan Boy Scouts Association  · Related topics  · Pakistani diaspora
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•  • e Former Divisions of Pakistan
Balochistan	Kalat      ·      Makran      ·      Nasirabad      ·      Quetta      ·      Sibi      ·      Zhob
NWFP	Bannu      ·      Dera Ismail Khan      ·      Hazara      ·      Kohat      ·      Malakand      ·      Mardan      ·      Peshawar
Punjab	Bahawalpur      ·      Dera Ghazi Khan      ·      Faisalabad      ·      Gujranwala      ·      Lahore      ·      Multan      ·      Rawalpindi      ·      Sargodha
Sindh	Hyderabad      ·      Karachi      ·      Larkana      ·      Mirpur Khas      ·      Sukkur

•  • e Districts of Sindh
Badin    ·    Dadu    ·    Ghotki    ·    Hyderabad    ·    Jacobabad    ·    Jamshoro    ·    Karachi    ·    Kashmore    ·    Khairpur    ·    Larkana    ·    Matiari    ·    Mirpur Khas    ·    Nawabshah Naushahro Feroze    ·    Qambar    ·    Sanghar    ·    Shikarpur    ·    Sukkur    ·    Tando Allahyar    ·    Tando Muhammad Khan    ·    Tharparkar    ·    Thatta    ·    Umerkot

•  • e Provincial and territorial capitals in Pakistan
Gilgit (Northern Areas)       ·       Islamabad (Federal Capital)       ·       Karachi (Sindh)       ·       Lahore (Punjab)       ·       Muzaffarabad (Azad Kashmir)       ·       Peshawar (NWFP and FATA)       ·       Quetta (Balochistan)