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Jhelum (City)

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Jhelum جہلم

General Information
Country	Pakistan
Province	Punjab
Coordinates	32\|56\|00\|N\|73\|44\|00\|E\|region:PK_type:city\|display=inline,title}}
Calling code	0544
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)
No. of Towns
Government
No. of Union Councils
Website
Jhelum Website

Jhelum or Jehlum (Urdu: جہلم) is a city in northern Punjab Province, Jhelum District, Pakistan. Jhelum lies on the right bank of the Jhelum River. There is an old Grand Trunk Road originally built in the 16th century by Sher Shah Suri, who also built the Rohtas Fort. The road passes through the city. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the population of Jhelum was 293,000^[1].

1 History
2 Hospitals
3 Major Industries
4 Military History
5 Notable people from Jhelum
6 References
7 External links

History

In ancient times

Jhelum is near the site of the famous Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander the Great and Raja Porus (the Thathaal King). This battle took place a few miles downstream from the city centre, along the river banks. Nearby there is also the historic 16th century Rohtas Fort and Tilla Jogian.

British rule

During British rule Jhelum was connected by the North Western Railway to other cities in the Indian empire, 1,367 miles from Calcutta, 1,413 from Bombay, and 849 from Karachi. The population according to the 1901 census of India was 14,951^[2]. According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India "The present town is of modern origin, the old town, which may have been the Bucephala of Alexander having been, on the left or opposite bank of the river. Under Sikh rule the place was quite unimportant, being mainly occupied by a settlement of boatmen, and at the time of annexation contained about 500 houses. It was then chosen as the site of a cantonment and as the head-quarters of the civil administration. For some years it was the seat of the Commissioner of the Division, but in 1859 his head-quarters were transferred to Rawalpindi. Under British rule Jhelum has steadily advanced in prosperity; and it is the entrepôt for most of the trade of the District, though, since the completion of the Sind-Sāgar branch of the North-Western Railway; the salt trade no longer passes through it. It is an important timber dépôt, the timber from the Kashmir forests which is floated down the river being collected here. A good deal of boat-building is carried on. The cantonment, which is 3 miles from the civil station, contains the church and post office. The normal strength of the garrison is one Native cavalry and four Native infantry regiments. The municipality was founded 1867. During the ten years ending 1902-3 the receipts averaged Rs. 32,100, and the expenditure Rs, 31,900. Receipts and expenditure from cantonment funds in the same period averaged Rs. 31,900 and Rs. 6,100 respectively. The chief income of the municipality in 1903-4 was Rs.34,200 chiefly from octroi; and the expenditure was Rs. 41,000. The town posses two Anglo vernacular schools, a municipal high school, and a middle school maintained by the American Presbyterian Mission. Besides the civil hospital, the mission also maintains a hospital."^[2]

Jhelum in 1857

Marble Lectern in memory of 35 British soldiers

Jhelum was also a centre of resistance against the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance and to commemorate this victory the British built St. John's Church Jhelum. A lectern inside the church shows the names of those 35 soldiers who died here. This church is a historic building of Jhelum. William Connolly, a British soldier won Victoria Cross in this battle. Mirza Dildar Baig was the freedom fighter who took part in the struggle of 1857 in Jhelum, arrested and hanged near the river Jhelum. His shrine is there and he is also known as Khaki Shah. The railway bridge on the river Jhelum was built in 1873 by the British engineer William St. John Galwey. He also made the great Empress Bridge over the river Sutlej.

City

The main market area of the city is centred around "Shandar Chowk", and includes "Main Bazaar", "Niya Bazaar", "Chowk-Ehl-e-Hadith" etc. A cantonment was built during the British rule, which has grown up into a strong Garrison, with an Infantry Division commanded by a Major General.

The city also boasts a high-class golf course called the River-View Golf Club, where national golf tournaments are held regularly. The famous college of computer related studies is PICS(Pakistan Institute of Computer Sciences) Other famous colleges are(FG Intermediate College Jhelum Cantt) (Army Public School and College Jhelum Cantt) (Fouji Foundation School and College Jhelum)and two old colleges named as(Degree College) and(Inter College)

Panorama Of Colony In Jhelum City

Hospitals

Jhelum has some of the largest hospitals in the area which include the hospital in cantonment area of the city managed by the Pakistan Army or sub organisations.

District Headquarter Hospital
Combined Military Hospital
Fauji Foundation Hospital

Major Industries

There is a variety of industry in and around Jhelum city. Major industries include the famous tobacco factory, wood, glass and flour mills.

Military History

The city of Jhelum has produced many high-ranking officers in the Pakistan Army. (See below) Google earth coordinates are 32°54'54.57"N 73°44'31.72"E

Notable people from Jhelum

Dr. M. Bilal Khan,Eminent Scientist, Chairman YMK Foundation, Member BOG Riphah International University and Director Projects NUST
Choudhry Ghulam Ahmed Zamurrad, Tehsil Nazim of Jhelum City
Lt. Gen.(Retd)Ijaz Azeem, also served as Ambassador to United States.
Sunil Dutt, Bollywood actor.
Inder Kumar Gujral, Former Prime minister of India.
Chaudhary Altaf Hussain, Ex-Governor of Punjab not to be confused with Altaf Hussain the leader of the MQM.
Syed Zamir Jafri, famous Pakistani poet.
Justice Fazal Karim , Supreme Court of Pakistan.
Dr. Hasnat Khan, became famous as Princess Diana's friend.
Tariq Kamal Khan Chief of Naval Staff.
Gen. Asif Nawaz, former Chief of the Pakistan Army Staff.
Porus, King of Pauravaa (a kingdom in Punjab) who fought against Alexander in 326BC.
Rabia Qari, First Muslim woman barrister.
Yousuf Hasan, Famous Pakistani poet and writer.
Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, Indian General who took Pakistani surrender at Dhaka in 1971
Mubashir Nazir, author of several books on Islam available at [www.mubashirnazir.org]