Jan Willem (J. W.) de Jong (1921–2000) was a prominent 20th century indologist and buddhologist.
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Birth and Education
J. W. de Jong was born in Leiden on 15 February, 1921. He attended primary school and gymnasium in Leiden, and went on to study at the University of Leiden from 1939-1945, where he began his life-long study of the "canonical languages" of Buddhism: he took Chinese as his major, while minoring in Japanese and Sanskrit. With the close of the university in 1940 following the German invasion of the Netherlands, de Jong was forced to continue his studies on his own. With the war's end in 1945, the university reopened and de Jong passed his candidaatsexamen. In 1946, he traveled to the United States as a visiting professor at Harvard University, where he continued his study of Sanskrit texts. From 1947-1950, he lived in Paris studying at both the Sorbonne and the Collège de France, where he began studying Tibetan. While still in Paris, he met his future wife Gisèle Bacquès, whom he married in 1949. That same year, he was awarded his PhD from the University of Leiden; his doctoral thesis was a critical translation of Candrakīrti's Prasannapadā. He also began studying Mongolian. He returned to the Netherlands in 1950 to act as senior research assistant (1950-1954) and continuing academic employee (1954-1956) at the Univ. of Leiden, working at the university's Sinologisch Instituut; in 1956, he became the first Chair of Tibetan and Buddhist Studies when the position was created at the Insituut Kern (the Indological institute at the Univ. of Leiden). In 1957, de Jong founded the Indo-Iranian Journal with Univ. of Leiden colleague F. B. J. Kuijper in 1957 in order to facilitate the publishing of scholarly articles in Indology. In 1965, he moved to Australia to become professor of Indology at the Australian National University in Canberra, a position he held until his retirement in 1986.
Scholarship
De Jong is well known for his amazing linguistic ability having had a command of Dutch, French, English, German, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Danish, Mongolian, Sanskrit, Pāli, and Tibetan, as well as the rather acerbic quality of his reviews. His scholarly publications number more than 800. His major contributions to Tibetan studies are an edition of the life of Milaräpa by Tsangnyong Heruka Rüpägyäncän (Gtsang-smyon he-ru-ka rus-pa'i-rgyan-can) (1490) and the editing and translation of all Dunhuang fragments apropos of the Rāmāyaṇa story in Tibetan.
Death
De Jong died in Canberra on 22 January 2000.
Partial Bibliography
- 1959. Mi la ras pa’i rnam thar: texte tibétain de la vie de Milarépa. ‘S-Gravenhage: Mouton.
- 1949. Cinq chapitres de la Prasannapadā.
- 1974. A brief history of Buddhist studies in Europe and America. Supplements published in 1981 and 1991.
- 1968. Buddha's word in China (George Ernest Morrison lecture in ethnology).
- 1987. Lamotte and the doctrine of non-self.
- 1998. Once more, ajyate. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 118, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1998), pp. 69-70
References
- Biography of J. W. de Jong
- Bibliography of J. W. de Jong
- Ruegg, David-Seyford (2000). “In Memoriam J. W. de Jong” Indo-Iranian Journal 43.4: 313-317.
- Kuiper, F.B.J. (2000). “Jan Willem de Jong” Indo-Iranian Journal 43.1: xi-xii.
- H. W. Bodewitz and Minoru Hara, eds (2004). Gedenkschrift J. W. de Jong. (Studia Philologica Buddhica 16). Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies.
