Islamic view of Ishmael

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In Islam, Ishmael (circa 1781 BC - 1638 BC?)^{[1] [2]} is known as the first-born son of Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) from Hagar, and as an appointed prophet and messenger ("Rasul") of God. It is believed that Ishmael lived between 120 to 143 years.^{[3] [4]} The name of the son who was supposed to be sacrificed is not mentioned in the Qur'an and in early Islam, there was a fierce controversy over the identity of the son. However the belief that it was Ishmael prevailed later.^[5]

Contents 1 Life 1.1 Marriage and Death 2 Ishmael in the Qur'an 2.1 Other references to Ishmael in the Qur'an 3 Descents of Ishmael 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Life

In Islamic beliefs, Abraham had prayed to God for a son ('Isma' in Arabic means 'to listen' i.e answer prayer, and 'ell' is derived from the Hebrew word 'el', meaning God). God delivered this child to Abraham, and later tested Abraham's faith by asking him to sacrifice his only son at the time. However, just as Abraham was to kill his only son, God halted him, praised him for his loyalty, and commanded him to sacrifice a ram instead. This leads to the Muslim practice of sacrificing domesticated animals such as sheep, goats or cows, on the celebration to mark this event known as Eid ul-Adha.

Marriage and Death

Abraham's grandson, Ishaq (during his fathers life) was married to Rebecca, daughter of Bethuel, when he was forty years old. They said she was sterile, so Is'haq prayed to Allah and then she became pregnant. She gave birth to twin boys. The first one was called Esau whom the Arabs called Al-Eis. He became the father of Rum. The second one was called Ya'qub, which means Israel, (belonging to the people of Israel). When Ishaq grew old he lost his eye-sight. He passed away` at Hebron at the age of 180 years. He was buried beside his father and mother.

Ishmael in the Qur'an

Ishmael is a highly regarded person in the Qur'an. Ishmael enjoined upon his people worship and almsgiving, and was acceptable in the sight of his Lord (Qur'an 19:55). The Qur'an mentions Ishmael with other people like Elisha, Jonah and Lot, who are considered righteous, good or chosen (Qur'an 6:86 and Qur'an 38:48) Abraham and Ishmael are said to have built the foundations of the Ka'aba ('They were raising the foundations of the House', Qur'an 2:127). Meccans, and most Arabs at the time of Muhammad, believed that Isma'il settled in Mecca, was their ancestor, and built with Abraham the Ka'ba which they revered from old times. The story of the Abraham and his wives Sarah and Hagar (Hajar in Arabic) plays an important role in Islamic tradition. Abraham conceives a son with Hagar when Sarah is unable to bear children. Then, after many years, Sarah miraculously gives birth to Isaac. After some time upon God's command, Abraham sends Hajar and Ishmael to the desert with God's promise of protection. The Quran takes a special interest in Hajar and her son, through whom Arabs trace their connection to Abraham. Each year during the Hajj (the ritual pilgrimage) in Mecca, pilgrims re-enact Hajar’s desperate search for water for her infant son, running seven times between two hills and drawing water from the well of Zam Zam, said to have sprung miraculously from the dry earth at the baby Ishmael’s feet. The full story is mentioned in Sahih Bukhari^[6].

Other references to Ishmael in the Qur'an

The Qur'an stresses twice that it does not make distinction between the revelations by Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes (i.e. the sons of Jacob), and that which Moses and Jesus revealed, and that which other prophets received from their Lord. (Qur'an 2:136 and Qur'an 3:84) Another reference where the name of Ishmael appears is where the Qur'an states that he was inspired in the same manner as prophets like Noah, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and Solomon. According th the qur'an, God also inspired David to write the Psalms (Qur'an 4:163)^{[original research?]}.

Descents of Ishmael

Muhammad is considered to be one of the many descendants of Ishmael. The oldest extant biography of Muhammad, compiled by Mohammed Ibn Ishak, and edited by Abu Mohammed Abd el Malik Ibn Hisham, opens:

This book contains the life of the Apostle of God: Muhammad was the son of Abd Allah, son of Abd-ul-Muttalib, son of Hashim, son of Abdu Manaf, son of Qusay, son of Kilab, son of Hakeem, son of Kaab, son of Luayy, son of Ghalib, son of Fihr, son of Malik, son of Qays, son of Kinanah, son of Khuzaymah, son of Mudrikah, son of Ilyas, son of Mudhar, son of Nizar, son of Maad, son of Adnan, son of Udd, son of Muqawwam, son of Nakhour, son of Tahir, son of Yarub, son of Yashyub, son of Nabit, son of Ismail (ishmael), son of Ibrahim, the Friend of God, son of Tarikh, son of Nakhour, son of Sarukh, son of Rau, son of Falih, son of Hud, son of Salih, son of Arphakhshad, son of Sham, son of Nuh, son of Lamekh, son of Matushalakh, son of Akhanukh, - who, as is believed, was the prophet Idris, the first prophet, and the first who wrote with the reed, - son of Aded, son of Mahlaleel, son of Kaynan, son of Anoush, son of Shays, son of Adam, to whom may God be gracious!

The Qur'an, however, does not have any genealogies. It was well-known among the Arabs that Quraysh were the descendants of Ishmael. Believing in one supreme God, circumcision, and other traditions such as pilgrimage common among Arabs as far as Yemen all point to the same conclusion. According to the Bible (Gen. 25: 13-15) the son's of Ishmael were Nebajoth, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, and Massa, Hadar, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.

See also

• Ishmael
• Hagar in Islamic traditions
• Is'haq

References

1. ^ http://www.thetruthoflife.org/messengers_nooh.htm
2. ^ http://www.zainab.org/commonpages/ebooks/english/short/prophets.htm
3. ^ http://www.thetruthoflife.org/messengers_nooh.htm
4. ^ http://www.zainab.org/commonpages/ebooks/english/short/prophets.htm
5. ^ William Montgomery Watt, Encyclopedia of Islam, Ishaq
6. ^ "Sahih Bukhari Hadith 4:583,(Narrated Ibn Abbas).", Sacred-texts.com. 

External links

• Story of the Prophets - Is'haq A.S. & Ya'qub A.S.