For the short story by H.P. Lovecraft, see Ibid (short story).
Ibid. (Latin, short for ibidem, "the same place") is the term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. It is similar in meaning to idem (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same[1]) abbreviated "Id.," which is commonly used in legal citation. [2] To find the ibid. source, one has to look at the reference right before it, and so ibid. serves a similar purpose to ditto marks (〃, ", do.).
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Example
- 4. E. Vijh, Latin for dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), 23.
- 5. Ibid.
- 6. Id. at 29.
The reference in no. 5 is the same as in no. 4 (E. Vijh, "Latin for dummies" on page 23), whereas the reference in no. 6 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29.
See also
- Bibliography
- List of Latin phrases
- MLA style
- Op. cit.
- Loc cit
- Ibid: A Life is a novel by Mark Dunn, made up entirely of endnotes.
Notes
- ^ thefreedictionary.com: idem
- ^ ibid
External links
- Dictionary.com: ibid.
- Conventions in footnoting for essays, papers and books by Werner Hammerstingl, 1998.
- Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles
