| GRAVITY Co., Ltd. | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Type | Public (NASDAQ: GRVY) |
| Founded | April 2000 |
| Headquarters | Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Key people | Ryu, Il Young, Chairman & CEO Kwon, James O., CFO Kim, Jung Ryool, Executive Director |
| Industry | Software & Programming |
| Products | MMORPG and Mobile video games |
| Revenue |  US$40,963,000 (2006)[1] |
| Net income | US$(22,265,000) (2006) |
| Subsidiaries | Gravity Interactive, Inc. |
| Website | Gravity Co., Ltd. Korean |
GRAVITY Co., Ltd. (also known as Gravity Corporation) NASDAQ: GRVY (Korean:그라비티 주식회사) is a South Korean videogame corporation primarily known for the development of the MMORPG Ragnarok Online.
Contents |
History
The corporation started as a small business in Shinsa-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, South Korea and has expanded to an international corporate interest with a several subsidiary divisions. On 8 February 2005, Gravity Corporation made their IPO and traded $108 million US dollars on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol GRVY.[2] The company has had a rather turbulent history initially involving internal political conflicts between CEO (Kim Hakkyu (who eventually left the company), and company president Jung Ryool Kim (who later assumed control as CEO), but has since stablised and expanded operations to all of north and south-east Asia through supervised partnerships with native corporate entities. However, while Gravity Corporation's flagship product Ragnarok Online is considered a success in Asia, operations are not as well developed in Europe and the United States in comparison to similar products marketed and developed there. On August 30, 2005, Jung Ryool Kim, the controlling shareholder, sold his 52% stake and set plans to quit as a director. The buyers of his shares were Ezer and Techno Groove of Japan, a pair of technology ventures controlled by Il Young Ryu and Taizo and Masayoshi Son. After becoming the new majority shareholder, on September 13, 2005, Il Young Ryu was named by Gravity as its new chairman and joint chief executive. Il Young Ryu is also the founder of Area Network Limited and the CEO of Internet Japan. In December, 2006, Techno Groove merged into Asian Groove, and ceased to exist. EZER subsequently returned Techno Groove's investment of 9.9 billion yen to Asian Groove, which gave up any interest in Gravity. On October 19, 2007, EZER sold their interest in Gravity to Son Assets Management or SAM.[3][4][5][6] On May 22, 2006, Gravity announced it had invested $9 Million in US game developer Perpetual Entertainment. Consequently, Gravity received a position on Perpetual's board of directors. Gravity also received "priority rights for future access to contents and other intellectual property rights of Perpetual Entertainment."[7] On November 21, 2007, Gravity announced they had lost their investment after Perpetual cancelled its development of the MMORPG Gods and Heroes. The loss would be reflected in their financial statement for 2007.[8] On December 5, 2007, Gravity announced they had formed a new US-based game developer, L5 Games. L5 is a subsidiary of Gravity Interactive, Inc. and is based in San Mateo, California. The company is composed of former Blizzard Entertainment employees.[9]
Diversion of Revenues Under Previous Management
From 2002 through 2004, Gravity's chairman Mr. Jung Ryool Kim diverted approximately $6 Million in revenue from the company to himself. In 2005, Kim sold his shares of Gravity to EZER, Inc., a Japanese corporation. Kim paid the company back KRW 7.8 billion on October 17, 2005. After an investigation, Gravity and Kim reached a final settlement where Mr. Kim would additionally pay Gravity "in part to reimburse the Company for certain of the costs and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the investigation of the former Chairman's diversion of revenues otherwise due to the Company." Both parties agreed to cease any civil and crimial litigation against one another. As a result of the investigation, Gravity was forced to restate its financial statements for the years 2002-2004.[10][11][12]
Settlement, Conclusion Of Litigation
In 2006, two U.S. based hedge funds created a committee for "fair treatment of minority shareholders" which initiated litigation charging that the majority shareholders and officers have violated their fiduciary obligations. The funds, Moon Capital Management and Ramius Capital Group, both headquartered in New York City, demanded that Gravity call an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders to give them a chance to vote Il Young Ryu out of office. Their demands were in time successful, and a meeting was scheduled for December 26. On June 11, 2007, Gravity announced they had reached a preliminary settlement with the two hedge funds and other litigants. $10 Million was set aside to pay the plantiffs, $5 Million of which came directly from Gravity, in exchange for being released from any liability. However, the company continued to deny any wrongdoing.[13]
Game titles
The following are games that have been published and/or are currently being developed by Gravity.
Ragnarok
Ragnarok Online (Korean:라그나로크 온라인), often referred to as RO, is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by Gravity based on the manhwa Ragnarok by Lee Myung-Jin. It was first released in South Korea on 31 August, 2002 for Microsoft Windows and has since been released in many other locales around the world. Much of the game's mythos is based on Norse mythology, but its style has been influenced by Christianity and various Asian cultures as well. The game has spawned an animated series, Ragnarok the Animation, and a sequel game, Ragnarok Online 2: The Gate of the World, is currently in development.
Ragnarok II
Ragnarok Online 2: The Gate of the World (Korean:라그나로크 온라인 2: The Gate Of The World; alternatively subtitled Epic of the Light) is an MMORPG created by Gravity Corp. of South Korea and is the sequel to the popular MMORPG, Ragnarok Online. Most of the game's universe is based on Norse mythology. The soundtrack will be produced by Yoko Kanno, well known for her work in Cowboy Bebop and other anime series.
ROSE
ROSE Online, or Rush On Seven Episodes Online (Korean:로즈 온라인) is an MMORPG developed by Korean company Triggersoft and published by Gravity Corp. Gameplay is a free roaming typical level-up based MMORPG. You fight monsters, level up, obtain new skills and equipment to better yourself for upcoming battles. You can travel to different planets and explore new environments as well as battle other players and declare wars against other clans [guilds]. The game features its own in-game economy which is directly controlled by players.
PC
Gravity Corporation has also published and/or developed the following PC game titles:
- Arcturus - The Curse and Loss of Divinity
- Emil Chronicle Online
- Paper Man
- Pucca Racing
- Requiem Online
- Stylia
- Time N Tales
Mobile
Gravity has also published and/or developed the following titles for mobile devices:
- Ragnarok Mobile Games
- Requiem Mobile
- Ragnarok Online DS
See also
Subsidiaries
Gravity owns a number of subsidiary companies, which publish and develop its games in countries and regions around the world.
- Gravity Interactive, Inc. publishes games in North America. It was established in March, 2003, and is based in Marina del Rey, California.[14]
- Gravity CIS, Inc. publishes games in Russia and CIS countries. It was established in 2005 and is based in Moscow, Russia.[15]
- Gravity EU publishes games in Europe. It was established in September, 2006, and is based in Paris, France.[16]
- Neo Cyon, Inc., established in 2000, develops and publishes mobile games and MMORPGs. It was acquired by Gravity in 2005.[17][18]
- Triggersoft, which developed ROSE Online, was acquired by Gravity in 2005. It appears to no longer exist, as its website has been taken down and no further games have been developed by it since ROSE.[19]
External links
- Official Gravity Corporation Website
- L5 Games Website
- The Library of Prontera Official iRO Fansite – Articles about visits to and interaction with Gravity's corporate offices, by a representative of Ragnarok Online fan community
References
- ^ 2006 Annual Report SEC 20-F Filing
- ^ MSN Money IPO Center - Gravity Co., Ltd. IPO
- ^ 19-10-2007 SEC 13-D/A Filing
- ^ 30-08-2005 SEC 13D Filing
- ^ 13-09-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 5-11-2007 SEC 13-D Filing
- ^ 22-05-2006 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 21-11-2007 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 05-12-2007 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 18-05-2006 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 08-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 10-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ 11-06-2006 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ About Gravity Interactive - Gravity KR Website
- ^ About Gravity CIS, Inc. - Gravity KR Website
- ^ About Gravity EU - Gravity KR Website
- ^ About Neo Cyon, Inc. - Gravity KR Website
- ^ 15-11-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
- ^ About Triggersoft - Gravity KR Website
