ff is a digraph of the Latin alphabet.
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In English
In English, double ff represents the same sound as single f: /f/. The doubling is used to indicate that the preceding vowel is (historically) short.
Proper names
When a proper name begins with the ff digraph, it is not capitalised according to the usual rules for proper nouns: for example, the double-barrelled name ffrench-Constant. Such people as Jasper Fforde, however, spell their names with a single capital F. Style generally requires that the initial f be capitalised at the beginning of sentences, however.
In Welsh
In Welsh, ff represents /f/, while f represents /v/. It is considered a distinct letter, and placed between f and g in alphabetical order.
In Breton
In medieval Breton, nasalisation was written using a ff digraph following the nasalized vowel. Though this notation was reformed during the 18th century, proper names retained the former orthograph, which leads systematically to mispronunciation. One of the most famous example is the proper name Henaff.
| Digraphs |
Aa aa Ae ae Ai ai Au au Aw aw Ay ay Bh bh Ch ch C̱h c̱h Ck ck Cö cö Cs cs Cu cu Dd dd Dh dh Dj dj Dx dx Dz dz Dž dž Ea ea Ee ee Ei ei Eu eu Ew ew Ey ey Ff ff Fh fh Gb gb Gh gh Għ għ Gi gi Gj gj Gn gn Gy gy Hs hs Hu hu Ie ie IJ ij Jö jö Kh kh Kp kp Ku ku Lh lh Lj lj Ll ll Ly ly Mb mb Mh mh Mp mp Nd nd Ng ng Nh nh Nj nj Nk nk Ns ns Nt nt Ny ny Nz nz Oa oa Oe oe Oi oi Oo oo Ou ou Ow ow Oy oy Ph ph Qu qu Rd rd Rh rh Rl rl Rn rn Rr rr Rt rt Rz rz Sh sh Sv sv Sy sy Sz sz Th th Tj tj Tr tr Ts ts Tx tx Ty ty Tz tz Ue ue Ui ui Wh wh Xh xh Xö xö Yh yh Yk yk Zh zh Zs zs Zv zv |
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| Trigraphs |
Dzs dzs Ngb ngb Ngh ngh Ngk ngk Nkp nkp Nth nth Nyk nyk Rnd rnd Sch sch |
| Tetragraphs |
