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The Federation of Malaya (Malay: Persekutuan Tanah Melayu), was a federation of 11 states formed on January 31 1948 from the nine Malay states and the British settlements of Penang and Malacca. From 1946 to 1948, the 11 states formed a single crown colony known as the Malayan Union. Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states. Within the Federation, while the Malay states were protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, which before this time had usually been considered to be part of Malaya. The Federation achieved independence within the Commonwealth of Nations on August 31, 1957. In 1963, the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and British North Borneo (which was renamed Sabah) formed a new federation called Malaysia. Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on August 9, 1965.
| Year | Malay | Chinese | Indian | Other |
| 1948 | 2,457,014 | 1,928,965 | 536,646 | 64,802 |
| 1951 | 2,631,154 | 2,043,971 | 566,371 | 75,726 |
| Source: Annual Report on the Federation of Malaya: 1951 in C.C. Chin and Karl Hack, Dialogues with Chin Peng pp. 380, 81. | ||||
List of members of the federation
Gallery
 The flag of Malaya was in use from 1950 to 1963. The star has 11 points while the star in the Malaysian flag has 14. |
 Protest against the Malayan Union |
See also
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Legend |
