| F4D (F-6) Skyray | |
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| F4D-1 Skyray | |
| Type | Fighter aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Douglas Aircraft Company |
| Maiden flight | 23 January 1951 |
| Introduced | 1956 |
| Retired | 1964 |
| Primary users | United States Navy United States Marine Corp |
| Number built | 422 |
| Variants | F5D Skylancer |
The American Douglas F4D Skyray (later redesignated F-6 Skyray) was a carrier-based fighter built by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Although it was in service for a very short time and never entered combat, it was notable for being the first carrier-launched plane to hold the world's absolute speed record and was the first Navy fighter capable of exceeding Mach 1 in level flight.
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Design and development
The F4D Skyray was a wide delta wing design with long, sharply swept, rounded wings. The thick wing roots contained the air intakes feeding a single turbojet. Fuel was contained both in the wings and the deep fuselage. Leading-edge slats were fitted for increased lift during takeoff and landing, while the trailing edges were mostly elevon control surfaces. Additional pitch trimmers were fitted inboard near the jet exhaust, and were locked upward on takeoff and landing.
The Westinghouse J40 turbojet was the intended power plant, but Douglas fortunately took a conservative view and gave options for other powerplants. The J40 proved troublesome and was eventually cancelled, and the Skyray was fitted instead with the Pratt & Whitney J57, a more powerful but larger engine. Production aircraft were not delivered until early 1956, while the U.S. Marine Corps received their first in 1957. In total, 419 F4D-1 (later designated F-6 in the unified designation system) aircraft were produced. Its unique and notable looks also played a part in making the Skyray one of the best-remembered early jet fighters. Affectionately known as the "Ford" (after the "Four" and "D" of its designation), this aircraft had a spectacular rate and angle of climb and set a new time to altitude record. It saw the Skyray fly from a complete stop to 50,000 feet/15,000 meters in 2 minutes and 36.05 seconds, all while flying at a 70 degree pitch angle.
Operational history
In April 1956 VC-3 was the first squadron operational with the F4D-1. It was later redesignated VFAW-3 and assigned to NORAD, as the only US Navy-squadron. VFAW-3 was permanently based at NAS North Island, San Diego. The following Navy-squadrons flew the F4D-1: VFAW-3, VF-13, VF-23, VF-51, VF-74, VF-101, VF-102, VF-141, VF-162, VF-213, VF-881 and VF-882. The US Marine Corps also flew the Skyray, squadrons VMF-113, VMF-114, VMF-115, VMF-215, VMF-314, VMF-513 and VMF(AW)-542. When the Skyray was redesignated F-6A in September 1962, only VFAW-3, VMF-114, VMF-513 and VMF(AW)-542 flew the type together with the reserve squadrons VMF-215, VF-881 and VF-882. The last operational squadron was VMF(AW)-542 which used the Skyray until February 1964.
The Skyray was designed exclusively for the high-altitude interception role and was unsuited to the multi-mission capabilities soon in demand, so it had a short life in Navy and Marine Corps service, the last aircraft being withdrawn from service in 1964. A single aircraft was used by NACA (soon to be NASA) until 1969. A derived successor, the F5D Skylancer, was designed and prototypes were built, but it was cancelled as too similar in mission parameters to the Vought F8U Crusader and also to reduce dependence upon Douglas Aircraft, which was also producing several other aircraft for the US Navy.
Awards
- 1953: Edward H. Heinemann was awarded the Collier Trophy for the F4D.[1]
Variants
- XF4D-1
- Prototypes, redesignated YF-6A in 1962, two built
- F4D-1
- Single-seat fighter aircraft, production model redesignated F-6A in 1962, 420 built.
- F4D-2
- Re-engined F4D-1 with the J57-F-14, 100 on order cancelled.
- F4D-2N
- F4D-2 version with extended nose housing twin radar scanners, project only evolved into the F5D Skylancer.
- YF-6A
- XF4D-1 prototypes redesignated in 1962.
- F-6A
- F4D-1 redesignated in 1962.
Redesignated
With the new joint services designations the Navy/Marine designations were replaced (which included a manufacture letter code), the F4D was redesignated the F-6A. The lower numbers were due to the fighter series being reset back to F-1 (after having gone up to F-111) under the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system. Possible confusion: The F4D (old designation) should not be confused with the F-4D (new designation) - the latter being the "D" variant of the McDonnell F-4 Phantom II.
Operators
Specifications (F4D-1)
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 33 ft 6 in (10.21 m)
- Wingspan: 45 ft 3 in (13.8 m)
- Height: 13 ft 0 in (3.96 m)
- Wing area: 557 ft² (52 m²)
- Empty weight: 16,024 lb (7,268 kg)
- Loaded weight: 22,648 lb (10,273 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 27,116 lb (12,300 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Pratt & Whitney J57-P-8, -8A or -8B turbojet
- Dry thrust: 10,200 lbf (45 kN)
- Thrust with afterburner: 16,000 lbf (71 kN)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 722 mph (627 kn, 1,200 km/h)
- Range: 700 mi (610 NM, 1,100 km) combat
- Ferry range: 1,200 mi (1,040 NM, 1,900 km)
- Service ceiling 55,000 ft (17,000 m)
- Rate of climb: 18,300 ft/min (93.3 m/s)
- Wing loading: 41 lb/ft² (198 kg/m²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.71
Armament
- Guns: 4× 20 mm (0.787 in) Mk 12-0 cannons in wing roots, 65 rounds/gun
- Rockets:
- 6 pods of 7× 2.75 in (70 mm) unguided rockets or
- 4 pods of 19× 2.75 (70 mm) unguided rockets
- Missiles: 2× AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles
- Bombs: 2× 2,000 lb (910 kg) bombs
Avionics
- APQ-50A radar
- Aero 13F fire-control radar
References
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Green, William and Pollinger, Gerald. The Aircraft of the World. London: Macdonald, 1955.
- Winchester, Jim. Fighter - The World's Finest Combat Aircraft - 1913 to the Present Day. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. and Parragon Publishing, 2006. ISBN 0-7607-7957-0.
External links
Related content
Related development
Comparable aircraft
- F7U Cutlass
- F9F Cougar
- FJ Fury
- F-86 Sabre
- F-84F Thunderstreak
- de Havilland Sea Vixen
- Dassault Mystère
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17
- Saab Tunnan
- Supermarine Swift
Designation sequence
- Navy sequence (before 1962): XFD - F2D - F3D - F4D - F5D - F6D
- Unified sequence (after 1962): F-3 - F-4 - F-5 - F-6 - F-7 - F-8 - F-9
Related lists
- List of fighter aircraft
- List of military aircraft of the United States
- List of military aircraft of the United States (naval)
- List of Sabre and Fury units in US military
See also
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Fighters: XP-48 · P-70 · F-6 · F-10 - Naval Fighters: XFD · F3D · F4D · F5D · XF6D Attack: XA-2 · A-20 · A-24 · A-26 · A-1 · A-3 · A-4 Naval Attack: DT · T2D · XT3D · BT · TBD · SBD · XBTD · XTB2D · AD · XA2D · A3D · A4D Bomber: YB-7 · YB-11 · B-18 · XB-19 · XB-22 · B-23 · B-26 · XB-31 · XB-42 · XB-43 · B-66 Reconnaissance: O-2 · OD · O2D · O-31 · O-35 · YO-44 · YOA-5 · PD · P2D · P3D Transports: C-1 · C-21 · C-39 · C-47 · C-53 · C-54 · C-58 · UC-67 · C-74 · C-110 · C-118 · C-124 · C-133 · C-24 Naval Transports: RD · R2D · R3D · R4D · R5D · JD · R6D - Experimental: DWC · D-558-1 · D-558-2 · X-3 |
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