| F11F/F-11 Tiger | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| VF-21 F11F-1 Tigers in left echelon formation. | |
| Type | Fighter aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Grumman |
| Maiden flight | 30 July 1954 |
| Introduced | 1956 |
| Retired | 1961 (Carrier) 1967 (Training) 1969 (Blue Angels) |
| Primary user | United States Navy |
| Produced | 1954-1959 |
| Number built | 200 |
The Grumman F11F/F-11 Tiger was a single-seat carrier-based United States Navy fighter aircraft in operation during the 1950s and 1960s. It was originally designated the F11F Tiger in April 1955 under the pre-1962 Navy designation system, but was redesignated as F-11 Tiger under the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system. The F11F/F-11 was used by the Blue Angels flight team from 1957 to 1969. Grumman Aircraft Corporation made about 200 Tigers, with last delivered 23 January 1959.
Contents |
Design and development
The F11F (F-11) Tiger origins can be traced back to a privately funded 1952 Grumman concept to modernize the F9F-6/7 Cougar by implementing the area rule and other advances. This Grumman company project was known as the G-98, and by the end had departed totally from the Cougar. The design's potential for supersonic performance and reduced transonic drag stirred interest in the Navy. By 1953, redesigns led to a completely new aircraft bearing no more than a familial resemblance to the Cougar. The new wing had full-span leading edge slats and trailing edge flap with roll control achieved using spoilers rather than traditional ailerons. For storage on aircraft carriers, the F-11 Tiger's wings manually folded downwards. Anticipating supersonic performance, the tailplane was all-moving. The aircraft was designed for the Wright J65 turbojet, a license-built version of the Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire. The Navy Bureau of Aeronautics was sufficiently impressed to order two prototypes, designated XF9F-8 even though the new fighter was clearly a new design. To add to the confusion, the prototypes were then redesignated XF9F-9 with the XF9F-8 designation going to another more straightforward Cougar derivative. Since the afterburning version of the J65 was not ready, the first prototype flew on 30 July 1954 with a non-afterburning engine. In spite of this, the aircraft nearly reached Mach 1 in its maiden flight. The second prototype, equipped with the afterburning engine, became the second supersonic Navy airplane, first honor going to the Douglas F4D Skyray. In April 1955, the aircraft received the new designation F11F-1 (F-11A after adoption of the unified Tri-Service naming system in 1962). Carrier trials started on 4 April 1956 when a F11F-1 Tiger landed on and launched from USS Forrestal. In addition to the F-11A (F11F-1) fighter, Grumman also proposed a more advanced version of the airframe known as the F11F-1F Super Tiger. This was the result of a 1955 study to fit the new General Electric J79 engine into the F-11 airframe. The Navy was sufficiently interested to authorize modification of two production F11F-1 with enlarged air intakes and YJ79-GE-3 turbojet, with the result being designated the F11F-2. The aircraft first flew on 25 May 1956, reaching Mach 1.44 in one of the flights. After addition of 60° wing root fillets, a 13.5 in (35 cm) fuselage extension, and an uprated J79 engine, F11F-2 reached an impressive Mach 2.04 and an altitude of 80,250 ft (24,466 m). Unfortunately, the U.S. Navy did not order it into production. F11F-2 was then redesignated F11F-1F, indicating production F11F-1 with a special engine fit. Failing to secure the Navy contract, Grumman marketed the Super Tiger to foreign customers. The German Luftwaffe, Japan Air Self Defence Force and Royal Canadian Air Force showed considerable interest but eventually settled instead on the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter.
Operational history
In service, the Tiger operated from the carriers USS Ranger, USS Intrepid, USS Bon Homme Richard, USS Forrestal, and USS Saratoga. The F-11's career only lasted four years because its performance was inferior to the Vought F-8 Crusader and the J65 engine proved unreliable. Thus, the Navy cancelled all orders for the F11F-1P reconnaissance version and only 199 F-11A (F11F-1) fighters were built. The aircraft was withdrawn from carrier service by 1961. However it was used in the training command in south Texas, Beeville and Kingsville, until the late 1960s. Students performed advanced jet training in the F-9 Cougar, and upon completing that syllabus, were given a brief taste of supersonic capability before transitioning to fleet fighters. While the F-11's fighter career was short, the Blue Angels performed in these aircraft from 1957 until 1969, when the Tiger was replaced by the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II.
Variants
- YF9F-9
- Original designation.
- F-11F-1
- Single-seat fighter version for the U.S. Navy. later redesignated F-11A in 1962.
- F11F-1P
- designation of cancelled Navy reconnaissance version.
- F-11F-1F Super Tiger
- F11F-1 fitted with the J-79-GE-3 engine
- F-11F-2
- Original designation of the F11F-1F
Specifications (F11F-1/F-11A)
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 46 foot (length) (14.3 m)
- Wingspan: 31 ft 7.5 in (9.6 m)
- Height: 13 ft 3 in (4.0 m)
- Wing area: 250 ft² (23 m²)
- Empty weight: 14,330 lb (6,500 kg)
- Loaded weight: 21,280 lb (9,650 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 24,000 lb (10,900 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Wright J65-W-18 turbojet
- Dry thrust: 7,400 lbf (32.9 kN)
- Thrust with afterburner: 10,500 lbf (46.7 kN)
Performance
- Maximum speed: Mach 1.1 (727 mph, 1,170 km/h) at 35,000 ft (11,000 m)
- Cruise speed: 577 mph (929 km/h)
- Range: 1,275 mi (1,110 NM, 2,050 km)
- Service ceiling 42,000 ft (12,800 m)
- Rate of climb: 5,315 ft/min (27 m/s)
- Wing loading: 85 lb/ft² (420 kg/m²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.49
Armament
- Guns: 4× 20 mm Colt Mk 12 cannon, 125 rounds/gun
- Hardpoints: 4 with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Missiles: AIM-9 Sidewinder
Trivia
The F-11 Tiger is notorious for being the first jet aircraft to shoot itself down. On 21 September 1956, during a test firing of its 20 mm cannons, pilot Tom Attridge fired two bursts mid-way through a shallow dive. As the velocity and trajectory of the cannon rounds decayed, they ultimately crossed paths with the Tiger as it continued its descent, disabling it and forcing Attridge to crash land the aircraft. The pilot survived.[1][2]
References
- Notes
- ^ "A Tiger Bites Its Tail". Aerofiles. Tiger tail Access date: 1 April 2007.
- ^ "An Unlucky First - The Shootdown of Tiger #620" Check-Six.com. [1] Access date: 1 April 2007.
- Bibliography
- Baugher, Joe. Grumman F11F-1 Tiger
- Crosby, Francis. Fighter Aircraft. London: Lorenz Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7548-0990-0.
- Gunston, Bill. Fighters of the Fifties. Oscela, Wisconsin: Specialty Press, 1981. ISBN 0-93342-432-9.
- Thruelsen, Richard. The Grumman Story. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1976. ISBN 0-275-54260-2.
External links
Related content
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Designation sequence
- Navy (before 1962):
- F8F - F9F Panther/F-9 Cougar - F10F - F11F - XF12F
- Unified sequence (after 1962):
Related lists
See also
|
|
|---|
|
Piston fighters: FF · F2F · F3F · F4F · XF5F · XP-50 · F6F · XP-65 · F7F · F8F Jet fighters: F9F · F9F/F-9 · XF10F · F11F/F-11 · XF12F · F-14 Attack/Patrol: SF · TBF · XTSF · TB2F · AF · S-2 · A-6 · Recon/Scouts: SF · E-1 · OV-1 · EA-6 · E-2 Utility/Transports: UC-103 · JF · J2F · OA-12 · JRF · J3F · OA-9 · OA-13 · OA-14/J4F · U-16/JR2F/UF · C-1 · C-2 Others: Apollo Lunar Module · X-29 · Q-8 · X-47 |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
