| Enigma, Georgia | |
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| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| County | Berrien |
| Area | |
| - Total | 3.3 sq mi (8.5 km²) |
| - Land | 3.3 sq mi (8.4 km²) |
| - Water | 0 sq mi (0.1 km²) |
| Elevation | 305 ft (93 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Total | 869 |
| - Density | 263.3/sq mi (102.2/km²) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 31749 |
| Area code(s) | 229 |
| FIPS code | 13-27596GR2 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0313955GR3 |
Enigma is a town in Berrien County, Georgia, United States. The population was 869 at the 2000 census.
Contents |
History
Enigma, Georgia is a small town in South Georgia located fourteen miles outside of Tifton, Georgia headed east on highway 82.The town was founded between 1876-1880 by John A. Ball. It did not start out named Enigma, it went from being known as a settlement, to “Gunn and Weston”. It stayed Gunn and Weston for a while until Ball decided he wanted a real name for this town. Two names, “Lax” and “Enigma”, where sent away for review. Lax was already taken and so Enigma became the official name [1]. Enigma is an odd name for a town; by definition it means a puzzle or mystery. Ball said, “It was a puzzle what to name it anyway”. The town was incorporated on August 21’ 1906 [2]. Ball moved along with his family, from Raleigh, N.C. traveling on the Brunswick and Western Railroad. He became the town’s first postmaster, and not long after Capt J.B. Gunn from Terrell County, Georgia came as an assistant. Ball and his son Jim started a turpentine business around 1878. Ball returned to Raleigh to bring back a man named Tubb Daughtry and his family to help run the business. He gave them land to live on and to worship as they pleased. The turpentine business was soon dwindled out and the lumber business became the main focus. A Sawmill was built two miles east of Enigma by Capt. J. B. Gunn and Capt. S. R. Weston. H. F. Stewart came to work and help in the Sawmill [3]. Other businesses where held in Enigma throughout the years, such as grocery, merchandise, and hardware stores. E.F. Bussey set up a merchandise store in a building owned, at one time, by Gunn. This building also housed the Post Office and sold coffins in its second story [4]. It was located on the south side of the railroad. The railroad’s closest depot was in Brookfield, GA, four miles away. Enigma had a doctor’s office ran by G.R. Parker. There have been three banks in Enigma throughout the years. Two banks were started around 1915 to 1917 and the other one was started in 1973. The Peoples bank opened in 1915 and closed in 1916 and the Ambrose-Enigma Banking Company opened on June 5’ 1917 and closed approximately 1920 [5] . Sadly both banks failed. The Bank of Alapaha branch was built in Enigma and open on March 1’ 1973 and is still in business today.
Economy
The Economy of Enigma today is not strong enough to support all of the citizens of Enigma. Most citizens commute to neighboring towns to work, shop, etc. The town is primary agriculture but does have a good number of stores for a town of its size. The Corner Café is its only restaurant, it has two gas stations - the quick stop #2 (#1 is in Brookfield) and the Danfair express, and all three are located on highway 82. The Post Office, Glass Unlimited, Volunteer Fire Department, City Hall, the salon (Freida’s Beauty Barn), and the Bank of Alapaha are all located on Main Street. Just off of Main Street is the factory Geo Tex, LLC Plant #2 where screening is made. There is also Berrien Peanut Company two and a half miles outside of Enigma and there used to be a skating rink about a mile from Berrien Peanut Company. There are other buildings on Main Street and highway 82 but they are not currently in business.
Schools
The Enigma school was located on the north side of town. It started as a one-room school house then moved to a three room school house. A large brick building was built in 1926 to serve as a new school, also on the north side, just across from highway 82. The building was still the school when it burned in October of 1973. The gymnasium and cafeteria were still standing and portable classrooms were brought in so the school could continue until it was rebuilt [6]. The school merged with the other schools in the county in the 1980’s to form Berrien high, middle, elementary, and primary schools [7]. Harvest Time Christian Outreach is across highway 82 from the Quick Stop #2. The church was opened by Becky King approxiamately three years ago, she leads the community in clothing drives, community bon fires, and the church has opened a sawmill on a vacant lot in the start of building a church. They are located in a small trailer until the new church is built. Pine Ridge Missionary Church is a relatively new church, just established in April of 1962. It is part of the Smyrna Missionary Baptist Association [8].. It is just outside of town across the road from Berrien Peanut Company.
Interesting Information
Enigma really is not known for any mystery, and does not have anyone famous from it except for Bobby Rowan, former senator in the Georgia Senate and Naomi Sego, a gospel singer. It showed considerable progress in its first several years. Enigma’s first fire department was established in 1893 with a cistern to hold ten thousand gallons of water and have a pump and hose ready in case of fire. The first car in Enigma was a Rio owned by Dr. J.H. Hammond in 1893. The telephones were in operation earlier around the beginning of the 1900’s. The first airplane to fly over Enigma was in 1918. Enigma’s first electric lights were set up in approximately 1936, and the city water system was put into place about 1955 [9].. The oddest thing about Enigma is that there was once a well in the middle of Main Street. Pictures of this are hard to find and many of those who lived to see it are not around anymore [10].
Geography
Enigma is located at (31.411466, -83.331056)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km²), of which, 3.2 square miles (8.4 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.91%) is water.
Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 869 people, 313 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density was 267.2 people per square mile (103.2/km²). There were 348 housing units at an average density of 107.0/sq mi (41.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.79% White, 10.36% African American, 0.12% Asian, 0.92% Pacific Islander, 9.32% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.85% of the population. There were 313 households out of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.24. In the town the population was spread out with 35.4% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $25,268, and the median income for a family was $27,375. Males had a median income of $22,202 versus $16,964 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,498. About 20.9% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.4% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
- Cauthen, Edna Dean, Elon Dean Murphy and Estelle Dean McMillan. The History of Berrien County: Enigma, Berrien County, Georgia 1975.
- Hall, Rita, Melinda Griner, and Jeane Nugent. Personal Interview. 7 Nov 2007.
- Owens, O.Dee. Personal Interview. 16 Nov 2007.
External links
http://www.berriencountyga.com http://www.berrien.k12.ga.us/
