Country of Particular Concern is a designation by the United States Secretary of State (under authority delegated by the President) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998 (H.R. 2431) and its amendment of 1999 (Public Law 106-55). The term “particularly severe violations of religious freedom” means systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom, including violations such as a) torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment; b) prolonged detention without charges; c) causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons; or d) other flagrant denials of the right to life, liberty, or the security of persons. Nations so designated are subject to further actions, including economic sanctions, by the United States. Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, an agency created by IRFA to monitor the state of religious freedom around the world and provide policy recommendations to the president, the secretary of state and US Congress. Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State. The Commission has recommended that the following countries be designated as CPCs: Burma China Eritrea Iran North Korea Pakistan Saudi Arabia Sudan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam (Removed on November 14th, 2006)
