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| Cataracts due to congenital rubella syndrome | |
| ICD-10 | P35.0 |
| ICD-9 | 771.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 11729 |
| MedlinePlus | 001658 |
| eMedicine | emerg/388 |
| MeSH | D012410 |
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella during her first trimester. If infection occurs 0-28 days before conception, there is a 43% chance the infant will be affected. If the infection occurs 0-12 weeks after conception, there is a 51% chance the infant will be affected. If the infection occurs 13-26 weeks after conception there is a 23% chance the infant will be affected. Infants are not generally affected if rubella is contracted during the third trimester, or 26-40 weeks after conception.Problems rarely occur when rubella is contracted by the mother after 20 weeks of gestation. It was discovered in 1941 by Australian Norman McAllister Gregg (1892-1966). CRS can result in serious birth defects such as:
- malformations of the heart (especially patent ductus arteriosus), eyes or brain
- deafness
- spleen, liver or bone marrow problems (some of which may disappear shortly after birth)
- mental retardation
- small head size (microcephaly)
- eye defects
- low birth weight
- thrombocytopenic purpura (presents as a characteristic "blueberry muffin" rash)
- hepatomegaly
- micrognathia
Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of the following:
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| Maternal factors and complications | Umbilical cord prolapse - Nuchal cord - Chorioamnionitis |
| Length of gestation and fetal growth | Small for gestational age - Large for gestational age - Premature birth - Postmature birth |
| Birth trauma | Cephalhematoma - Brachial plexus lesion (Erb's palsy, Klumpke paralysis) |
| Respiratory and cardiovascular | Intrauterine hypoxia - Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Transient tachypnea of the newborn - Meconium aspiration syndrome - Pneumomediastinum - Wilson-Mikity syndrome - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
| Haemorrhagic and haematological | Hemorrhagic disease of newborn - Hemolytic disease of the newborn - Rh disease - Hydrops fetalis - Kernicterus - Neonatal jaundice |
| Digestive system | Ileus - Necrotizing enterocolitis |
| Integument and temperature regulation | Erythema toxicum |
| Other disorders | Periventricular leukomalacia - Congenital hypertonia - Congenital hypotonia - Congenital rubella syndrome |
