| Chrysler/Simca/Talbot Horizon | |
|---|---|
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| Manufacturer | Chrysler Corporation PSA Group |
| Also called | Simca Horizon Talbot Horizon |
| Production | 1977–1986 |
| Predecessor | Simca 1100 |
| Successor | Peugeot 309 |
| Class | Subcompact |
| Body style(s) | 5-door hatchback |
| Layout | FF layout |
| Platform | L-body |
| Engine(s) | 1.1 L I4 1.3 L I4 1.5 L I4 1.9 L diesel I4 |
| Related | Dodge Charger Dodge Omni Dodge Omni 024 Dodge Rampage Plymouth Horizon Plymouth Horizon TC3 Plymouth Scamp Plymouth Turismo Simca Alpine |
The Horizon, was a subcompact automobile developed by Chrysler Europe and was sold in Europe between 1977 and 1985 under the Chrysler, Simca and Talbot nameplates. A derivative version of the Horizon was also in the United States under the Dodge and Plymouth marques until 1990.
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Origins
The Horizon was designed by Simca, the French division of Chrysler Europe in the 1970s and introduced in 1977. It survived in various guises until 1990. In France it was initially sold originally under the Simca brand, whilst elsewhere in Europe it was initially badged as a Chrysler (including the United Kingdom, where it fitted into a Chrysler range which also included former Hillman models). As a result of the acquisition of Chrysler's European car division by Peugeot in 1978, both the Chrysler and Simca brands were dropped and the car was then sold under the Talbot brand in all its European markets. The Horizon, or Project C2 as it was known inside Simca during development, was intended to be a "world car", meaning that it was designed for consumers on both sides of the Atlantic, but in execution, the European and North American versions of the vehicle actually turned out to have very little in common. Born largely out of the need to replace the ageing Simca 1100, the Horizon was essentially a shortened version of the larger Alpine model, giving the vehicle an unusually wide track for its length. Featuring the familiar range of Simca-designed 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 L OHV engines, and torsion-bar suspension, the Horizon gained praise for its crisp styling, supple ride, and competent handling. It was voted European Car of the Year in 1978. Its launch saw to the end of the 1100 and the rear-engined Simca 1000. The Horizon was the first British-built hatchback of this size - launched two years before the Vauxhall Astra, three years before the Ford Escort MK3 and five years before the Austin Maestro. It did not officially replace any of the British Chryslers, despite being a similar size to the traditional rear-wheel drive Avenger saloon and estates which had been on sale since 1970 and did not finish production until 1981.
North American variants - "Omnirizon"
The North American versions of the Horizon were known as the Dodge Omni and Plymouth Horizon. Although they appeared to share the same external panelwork as the European Horizon (the panels were in fact not interchangeable), they were vastly different mechanically — using a larger engine (of VW origins) and MacPherson strut suspension at the front instead of the more complex torsion bar arrangement. They also sported much heavier looking bumpers so as to comply with stricter US safety legislation. Despite the car's European origins, then Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca played this down, emphasizing that features such as the trip computer and electronic ignition were of American design.
Production life
In Europe, the Horizon had a turbulent existence. The collapse of Chrysler Europe in 1978 and its subsequent sale to Peugeot meant that the car was hurriedly rebadged using the exhumed Talbot brand for the remainder of its life. In 1981, Series II models were introduced, with some minor improvements. By then however, the Horizon was becoming increasingly uncompetitive next to rivals such as the Volkswagen Golf, Opel Kadett-D/Astra and the third generation Ford Escort. The rattly and unrefined ohv engines which had been carried over from the Simca 1100 were largely to blame, while body corrosion was a serious issue, at least until Series II, giving many cars a short service life. The main production lines of Talbot Horizon were Poissy factory in France and Ryton in England. It was also manufactured in Spain and in Finland by Saab-Valmet from 1979 onwards. The Finnish Talbot Horizons integrated many Saab components, especially in the interior. The Horizon was produced in France and also Britain (where production had begun in the 1980s) until the end of 1985, and in Spain and Finland until 1987, when it was replaced by the Peugeot 309, a car developed in the UK, originally destined to be sold as the Talbot Arizona. The end of Horizon production in 1987 also marked the end of the Talbot badge on passenger cars. However, the North American version of the car continued to be produced until 1990. The PSA XUD9 diesel engine of 1905 cc diesel engine was fitted to certain models of the Horizon, which was the first example of this engine available in the UK. All UK diesel Horizons were made in Spain. The Peugeot-Talbot brochure of October 1984 shows the only diesel Horizon being the LD1.9, the XUD9 engine only available in the Peugeot 305 GRD as well. The Horizon was not the first diesel in the Talbot family of cars with the Chrysler 180 in Spain being powered by diesel. The Peugeot 309 continued to use the Horizon range of Simca based engines in early life, until replaced with the more modern Peugeot TU, XU and XUD engines.
Horizon in the UK
In Britain, it was seen as a modern alternative to the existing Rootes-designed Avenger models, offering buyers a front-wheel drive hatchback alongside the rear-wheel drive saloon. The Avenger was produced alongside it until 1981. UK sales of the Horizon were initially quite strong, but within five years of its launch it was starting to lose sales in a segment dominated by an increasing number of newer models including the Ford Escort MK3, Vauxhall Astra, Austin Maestro and Volkswagen Golf MK2. The last British Horizons were sold in 1986, soon after the launch of Peugeot's Ryton-built 309 which was based on the Peugeot 205, which was originally intended to be sold as the Talbot Arizona and was to use much of the Horizon's underpinnings. The Horizon is now a rare sight on British roads, as many were accounted for by rust and mechanical problems. In eight years on sale in the UK, it failed to live up to the maker's expectations and as time passed it became an increasingly less viable competitor for market leaders such as the Ford Escort and even the Vauxhall Astra and Austin Maestro.
Specifications range
| Capacity | 1118–1905 cc |
| Power | 59–90 hp |
| Max. speed | 147 km/h (91 mph) – 175 km/h (109 mph) |
| Acceleration | 0–60 mp/h: 17.9–11.4 seconds |
Models
The Horizon was available as the following versions:
- 1100 GL
- 1100 GLE
- 1300 GL
- 1300 LS
- 1300 LX
- 1300 GLX
- 1500 LS
- 1500 GLS
- 1500 SX
- 1900 LD
Some limited editions were:
- 1500 "Pullman" This had upmarket trim and a design of alloy wheel similar to the Lotus Sunbeam.
- 1300 "Summertime Special" This had rather garish red plastic trim in place of the usual black.
- 1500 "Ultra" Another upmarket high-spec car.
