The Chinese Library Classification (中国图书馆分类法 CLC), also known as Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL), is effectively the national library classification scheme in the China. It is used in almost all primary and secondary schools, universities, academic institutions, as well as public libraries. It is also used by publishers to classify all books published in China. The Book Classification of Chinese Libraries (BCCL) was first published in 1975, under the auspices of China's Administrative Bureau of Cultural Affairs. Its fourth edition (1999) was renamed CLC. CLC has twenty-two top-level categories, and inherits a Marxist orientation from its earlier editions[1]. (For instance, category A is Marxism, Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory.) It contains a total of 43600 categories, many of which are recent additions, meeting the needs of a rapidly changing nation[2].
The CLC System
The 22 top categories and selected sub-categories of CLC (4th Edition) are as follows:
A. Marxism, Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory
- A1 The Works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- A2 The Works of Vladimir Lenin
- A3 The Works of Joseph Stalin
- A4 The Works of Mao Zedong
- A49 The works of Deng Xiaoping
- A5 The Symposium/Collection of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
- A7 The biobibliography and biography of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
- A8 Study and Research of Marxism, Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory
B. Philosophy and Religion
- B0 Philosophical schools
- B1 Philosophy (World-wide)
- B2 Philosophy in China
- B22 Pre-Qin Dynasty Philosophy (~before 220 BC)
- B222 The Confucian School
- B222.2 Confucius (Kǒng Qiū, 551-479 BC)
- B222 The Confucian School
- B22 Pre-Qin Dynasty Philosophy (~before 220 BC)
- B3 Philosophy in Asia
- B4 Philosophy in Africa
- B5 Philosophy in Europe
- B6 Philosophy in Australasia
- B7 Philosophy in America
- B8 Cognitive science
- B9 Religion
- B91 Sociology of Religion, Religion and Science
- B92 Philosophy and History of Religion
- B93 Mythology and Primitive religion
- B94 Buddhism
- B95 Taoism
- B96 Islam
- B97 Christianity
- B971 Bible
- B971.1 Old Testament
- B971.2 New Testament
- B972 Doctrine, Theology
- B975 Evangelism, Sermon
- B976 Christian Denomination
- B976.1 Roman Catholic Church
- B976.2 Orthodox Christianity (Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy)
- B976.3 Protestantism (Protestant Reformation)
- B977 Ecclesiastical polity
- B978 Research on Christianity
- B979 History of Christianity
- B979.9 Biography
- B971 Bible
- B98 Other Religions
- B99 Augury, Superstition
C. Social Sciences
- C0 Social Scientific Theory and Methodology
- C1 Present and Future of Social Sciences
- C2 Organisations, Groups, Conferences
- C3 Method of Research in Social Sciences
- C4 Education and Popularization of Social Sciences
- C5 Serials, Anthologies, Periodicals in Social Sciences
- C6 Reference Materials in Social Sciences
- C7 (no longer used)
- C8 Statistics in Social Sciences
- C9 Sociology
D. Politics and Law
- D0 Political theory
- D1 International Campaign of Communism
- D2 Communist Party of China
- D3 Communist Parties of other Countries
- D4 Labor, Peasant, Youth, Female Organizations and Movements
- D5 Politics (world-wide)
- D6 Politics in China
- D7 Politics in individual Countries
- D8 Diplomacy, International relations
- D9 Law
E. Military Science
- E0 Military Theory
- E1 Military (world-wide)
- E2 Military in China
- E3 Military in Asia
- E4 Military in Africa
- E5 Military in Europe
- E6 Military in Australasia
- E7 Military in America
- E8 Strategies, Tactics, and Battles
- E9 Military Technology
F. Economics
- F0 Economics
- F1 Economics, Economic history and Economic geography of individual countries
- F2 Agricultural Economics
- F3 Industrial Economics
- F4 Economics of Transport
- F5 Economics of Postal and Cable Services
- F7 Economics of Commerce
- F8 Finance, Banking
G. Culture, Science, Education and Sports
- G0 Philosophy of Culture
- G1 Culture
- G2 Knowledge transmission
- G3 Science, Scientific Research
- G4 Education
- G5 Education in individul Countries
- G6 Education (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
- G7 Education (specialized)
- G8 Sports
H. Languages and Linguistics
- H0 Linguistics
- H1 Chinese language
- H2 Languages of China's ethnic minorities
- H3 Commonly Used Foreign Languages
- H31 English language
- H32 French language
- H33 German language
- H34 Spanish language
- H35 Russian language
- H36 Japanese language
- H37 Arabic language
- H4 Family of Sino-Tibetan languages (China, Tibet and Myanmar)
- H5 Family of Altaic languages (Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic)
- H6 Language families in other areas of the World
- H61 Austro-Asiatic languages and Tai languages (Mainland Southeast Asia))
- H62 Dravidian languages (South India)
- H63 Austronesian languages (Malayo-Polynesian)
- H64 Paleosiberian languages (Siberia)
- H65 Ibero-Caucasian languages (Caucasus Mountains)
- H66 Uralic languages (Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic)
- H67 Hamito-Semitic languages (Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa)
- H7 Indo-European languages
- H8 Language families on other Continents
- H9 International Auxiliary Languages (Interlingua, Ido, Esperanto, etc.)
I. Literature
- I0 Literary Theory
- I1 Literature (world-wide)
- I2 Literature in China
- I3 Literature in Asia
- I4 Literature in Africa
- I5 Literature in Europe
- I6 Literature in Australasia
- I7 Literature in America
J. Art
- J0 Theory of Fine Art
- J1 Fine Art of the World
- J2 Painting
- J3 Sculpture
- J4 Photography
- J5 Applied arts
- J6 Music
- J7 Dance
- J8 Drama
- J9 Cinematography, Television
K. History and Geography
- K0 Historical Theory
- K1 History of the World
- K2 History of China
- K3 History of Asia
- K4 History of Africa
- K5 History of Europe
- K6 History of Australasia
- K7 History of America
- K8 Biography, Archaeology
- K9 Geography
N. Natural Science
- N0 Theory and Methodology
- N1 Present state
- N2 Organisations, Groups, Conferences
- N3 Research Methodology
- N4 Education and Popularization
- N5 Serials, Anthologies, Periodicals
- N6 Reference Materials
- N8 Field Surveys
- N9 Minor Sciences
O. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
- O1 Mathematics
- O2 Applied Mathematics
- O3 Mechanics
- O4 Physics
- O6 Chemistry
- O7 Crystallography
P. Astronomy and Geoscience
- P1 Astronomy
- P2 Geodesy
- P3 Geophysics
- P4 Meteorology
- P5 Geology
- P6 Mineralogy
- P7 Oceanography
- P9 Physiography
Q. Life Sciences
- Q1 General Biology
- Q2 Cytology
- Q3 Genetics
- Q4 Physiology
- Q5 Biochemistry
- Q6 Biophysics
- Q7 Molecular Biology
- Q8 Bioengineering
- Q9 Zoology and Botany
R. Medicine and Health Sciences
- R1 Preventive Medicine, Public health
- R2 Traditional Chinese Medicine
- R3 Human anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Parasitology
- R4 Clinical Medicine
- R5 Internal medicine
- R6 Surgery
- R7 Medical Specialties
- R71 Obstetrics, Gynecology
- R72 Pediatrics
- R73 Oncology
- R74 Neurology, Psychiatry
- R75 Dermatology, Venereology
- R76 Otolaryngology
- R77 Ophthalmology
- R78 Dentistry
- R79 Non-Chinese Traditional Medicine
- R8 Radiology, Sport medicine, Diving medicine, Aerospace medicine
- R9 Pharmacology, Pharmacy
S. Agricultural Science
- S1 Fundamental Agricultural Science
- S2 Agricultural Engineering
- S3 Agronomy
- S4 Phytopathology
- S5 Individual Crops
- S6 Horticulture
- S7 Forestry
- S8 Animal Husbandry, Veterinary medicine, Hunting, Sericulture, Apiculture
- S9 Aquaculture, Fishery
T. Industrial Technology
- TB General Industrial Technology
- TD Mining Engineering
- TE Petroleum, Natural Gas
- TF Extractive metallurgy, Smelting
- TG Metallurgy, Metalworking
- TH Machinery, Instrumentation
- TJ Military Technology
- TK Power Plant
- TL Nuclear technology
- TM Electrical Engineering
- TN Electronic Engineering, Teleommunication Engineering
- TP Automation , Computer Engineering
- TQ Chemical Engineering
- TS Light Industry, Handicraft
- TU Construction Engineering
- TV Water Resources, Hydraulic Engineering
U. Transportation
V. Aviation and Aerospace
- V1 Research and Exploration of Aviation and Aerospace Technology
- V2 Aviation
- V4 Aerospace (Space Flight)
X. Environmental Science
- X1 Fundamental Environmental Science
- X2 Environmental Research
- X3 Environmental Protection and Management
- X4 Disaster Protection
- X5 Pollution Control
- X7 Waste Management and Recycling
- X8 Environmental Quality Monitoring
- X9 Occupational safety and health
Z. General, Miscellaneous, Auxiliary and Others
- Z1 Series
- Z2 Encyclopedia
- Z3 Dictionary
- Z4 Symposium, Anthologies, Selected Works, Essay
- Z5 Almanac
- Z6 Serial, Periodicals
- Z8 Catalogue, Abstract, Index
Other classifications
The other library classifications in China are:
- Library Classification of the People’s University of China (LCPUC)
- Library Classification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LCCAS)
- Library Classification for Medium and Small Libraries (MSL)
- Library Classification of Wuhan University (LCWU)
The other library classifications for Chinese materials outside China are:
- Cambridge University Library Chinese Classification System, Classification Scheme for Chinese Books devised by Profs. Haloun and P. van der Loon for Camridge University, UK.
- University of Leeds Classification of Books in Chinese, UK (36 pages of Catalog in pdf)
- Harvard-Yenching Classification System
See also
References
- ^ Zhang, Wenxian (2003). Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL): Histories, accomplishments, problems and its comparisons. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences, vol. 41, nr. 1, p. 1-22. (PDF)
- ^ The Standardization of Chinese Library Classification, Xiaochun Liu, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, Volume 16, Issue 2, ISSN 0163-9374, Pub Date: 8/13/1993
External links
- Contemporary Classification Systems and Thesauri in China, Zhang Qiyu, Liu Xiangsheng, Wang Dongbo, 62nd IFLA General Conference - Conference Proceedings - August 25-31, 1996
- Chinese Library Classification Editorial Board
- Abridged third (obsolete) edition of CLC (in Chinese)
- CLC Online (in Chinese)
- Research on Interoperability of Metadata in Classification Schemes-construction of automatic mapping system between CLC and DDC, Jianbo Dai, Hanqing Hou, Ling Cao, Dept. of Libr. & Inform. Sci., Nanjing Agri. Univ., Nanjing, China 210095
- Construction of Knowledge Base for Automatic Indexing and Classification based on CLC, Hanqing Hou, Chunxiang Xue, Nanjing Agri. Univ., Nanjing, China 210095
- An Intelligent Retrieval System for Chinese Agricultural Literature indexed by Chinese Classification System, Ping Qian, Xiaolu Su, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- East Asian Library Classification Systems
- The Development of Authority Database in National Library of China (NLC), March 2002, Beixin Sun of NLC NLC's classification subject thesaurus database based on CLC.
- National Bibliographies: the Chinese Experience, 72nd IFLA Conference at Seoul in Korea, August 2006, Ben Gu of NLC An overview of the current situation of the National Bibliography and classification systems in China.
- A month at the Shanghai Library, November 2004, Helen Michael, University of Toronto A librarian from Canada shared her experience of working in a library of China.
