Birjand

Birjand (Persian: بیرجند) is the capital of South Khorasan province (formerly a subprovince named Birjand or Quhestan, a part of Khorasan province) in the east Iran, known for its saffron, barberry, rug and handmade carpet exports. [1] The city has a dry climate with significant difference between day and night temperatures. It is a fast growing city, thus becoming a major centre in the East of Iran after Mashad and Zahedan.

History

Birjand is the biggest and the most important city in the east,Iran. Birjand has emerged as the centre of Quhestan, following the decline of historical city of Qaen in the Safavid period likely due to a major earthquake. Since then the Alam clan had ruled the region till the end of Qajar dynasty. During the semi-autonomous ruling of Alam clan, Great Britain and Russia established consular branches in Birjand, because of the important geographical location of the region in the vicinity of the Indian subcontinent. The father of the prime minister Alam was the Amir of Quhestan's subprovince Qhaenat(Center city: Qaen) still into the Pahlavi era. And concurrent with the governor ruling, last prince of Birjand was related with the Alam clan and the Reza Shah Pahlavi. The power of the prince based from the district Moud, where it's said all people were related with him. Nevertheless, he had little political power and functioned as a speaking tube of the people generally. However Birjand lost its geopolitical importance following the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi and his policy of central government. The entire Quhestan region then became a part of the modern Khorasan province. The local people, however, started a movement to become an independent province at the middle of the second Pahlavi period. The move resulted after about forty years and Quhestan and particularly Birjand regained its historical importance in 2004 after official division of Khorasan to three smaller provinces by the government of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Education

It is said that the Shokatiyeh School in Birjand together with Darolfonoon in Tehran were the first public schools in Iran in the mid 1800s. Ever since then, Birjand has amassed an abundance of institutions of higher education and become an important location for research and development. The city contains such higher educational institutions as:

• University of Birjand [2]
• Birjand University of Medical Sciences [3]
• Islamic Azad University of Birjnad [4]
• Payam Noor University
• Iran University of Industries and Mines
• Academy of Tarbijat-e Moalem
• Academy of Amuzesh-e Aly
• Academy of Amuzesh-e Modiriat Dolaty

Transport

The city is served by Birjand Airport.

Notables from Birjand

• Sayyed Hasan Tahami
• Sayyed Ahmad Rahimi
• Mohammad Bagher Ayati
• Mohammad Hadi Hadavi
• Mohammad Hossain Ayati
• Sayyed Mohammad Farzan (*1894 near Birjand) Scientist
• Mohammad Ibrahim Ayati
• Ibn Hessam Khusfi
• Hakim nezari Quhestani
• Amir Shokat Ul-Molk Alam, Governor of Quhestan at the end of Qajar Dynasty
• Asadollah Alam, Prime Minister of Iran during Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi period
• Mohammad hassan Ganji scientist of Geography
• Mohammad Ismail Rezvani scientist of History
• Mohammad Bagher Gazari
• Shah Seyyed Ali Kazemi (†1984 in Birjand) last tribal leader of Birjand at the beginning of Pahlavi Dynasty
• Mohammad Reza Hafeznia ^[1]Full Professor of political geography and geopolitics
• Kazem Motamednejad Communication scientist
• Abd al-Ali al-Birjandi Prominent Astronomer of the 16th Century

See also

• Furg citadel
• Zadok Village

External links

Birjand city:

• Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation General Office
• University of Birjand
• Birjand University of Medical Sciences
• Les jardins historiques de Birjand