Bennett Island (Russian: Остров Бе́ннетта, Ostrov Bennetta) is the largest of the islands of the De Long group in the northern part of the East Siberian Sea. Area: approx. 150 km² (60 sq mi). The highest point of the island is 426 m (1,398 ft). It is covered with glaciers. Bennett Island is part of the Sakha Republic administrative division of Russia.
History
Bennett Island was discovered by American explorer George Washington DeLong in 1881 and named after James Gordon Bennett, Jr., who had financed the expedition. DeLong set out in 1879 aboard the Jeannette, hoping to reach Wrangel Island and to discover open seas in the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. However, the ship entered an ice pack near Herald Island in September 1879 and became trapped. The vessel was crushed by the ice and sank in June 1881. At that point the party was forced to trek over the ice on foot, discovering Bennett Island in July 1881. They remained on the island for several days before setting out again for the New Siberian Islands and the mainland of Siberia.
In August 1901 Russian ship Zarya sailed on an expedition searching for the legendary Sannikov Land (Zemlya Sannikova) but was soon blocked by floating pack ice. During 1902 the attempts to reach Sannikov Land continued while Zarya was trapped in fast ice. Russian explorer Baron Eduard Toll and three companions vanished forever in November 1902 while travelling away from Bennett Island towards the south on loose ice floes. In 1916 the Russian ambassador in London issued an official notice to the effect that the Imperial government considered Bennett, along with other Arctic islands, integral parts of the Russian Empire. This territorial claim was later maintained by the Soviet Union. Some U.S. individuals assert American ownership of Bennett Island based on the 1881 landing. A resolution of the Alaska State Senate in 1988 supported this claim. However, the United States government has never claimed Bennett Island, and recognizes it as Russian territory. In 1994, the Alaska State Supreme Court ruled in D. Denardo v. State of Alaska that Bennett Island, along with several islands, is not part of Alaska.
References
- Jeannette Arctic Expedition, 1879-1881 — Overview and Selected Images from the Naval Historical Center.
- A Lengthy Deployment: The Jeannette Expedition in Arctic Waters as Described in Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Navy, 1880-1884 from the Naval Historical Center.
- William Barr, Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition: The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903
- Wrangel Island. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 62, No. 6. (Dec., 1923), pp. 440-444. online (requires JSTOR access).
- Status of Wrangel and other Arctic islands from the US State Department.
