Bass (vocal range)

Voice Type (ranges)

Female voices Soprano Mezzo-soprano Contralto Male voices Countertenor Tenor Baritone Bass-baritone Bass Related concepts Coloratura Chest register Falsetto Head register Sprechgesang edit this - view history

A bass is a male singer who sings in the deepest vocal range. According to Grove Music Online, a bass has a range extending from around the F below low C to the E above middle C (i.e., F2–E4). Sometimes, though, basses have parts written as low as the C two octaves below middle C (i.e. Measure 12 of Ne Imami Iniya Pomoshchi by Pavel Chesnokov). Many basses have trouble reaching those notes.^[1] The Harvard Dictionary of Music defines the range as being from the E below low C to middle C (i.e. E2–C4).^[2] According to Singing for Dummies, bass range is normally F2 to E4 but can be as wide as Eb2 to F4. According to its author, Pamelia S. Phillips, the bass changes from chest voice into middle voice around A3 or Ab3 below middle C and changes into head voice around D4 or C#4 above Middle C. Phillips states that the bass's low voice is his strength, and the bass's high voice is his weakness. Phillips also states that the bass's voice is the deepest, darkest, and heaviest of the male voices.^[3] It is also common for men who are classified as "basses" (and have a full bass choral range) to have a speaking voice which may sound much higher than would be expected. Most seasoned basses also can train a very versatile falsetto, making their usefulness in a choral arrangement even greater.

Contents 1 Bass roles in opera 1.1 Basso Profondo 1.2 Basso Buffo / Bel Canto Bass 1.3 Basso Cantante 1.4 Dramatic Bass 1.4.1 Bass roles in operettas 2 Prominent basses 3 Contemporary and crossover basses 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Bass roles in opera

Common vocal ranges represented on a musical keyboard

Soprano Alto Tenor Bass

In classical music, and particularly in opera, the following distinctions are often made among different kinds of bass voices:

Basso Profondo

• Basso profondo in English, is a particularly rich and deep, extremely dark dramatic male voice. It may reach the D, C or even B flat below the bass clef, but is most distinguished by its dark and cavernous timbre. The Male Choir of St. Petersburg has seven bassi profondi out of its 22 total basses who are capable of reaching G1 (two octaves and a fourth below Middle C).^[4] In literature, a basso profondo voice is often described as a voice that could have come from deep within the earth.
• Roles:
  • Commander`s statue, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • Sarastro, The Magic Flute / Die Zauberflöte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart^[5]
  • Grand Inquisitor, Don Carlos by Giuseppe Verdi^[5]
  • Osmin, Die Entführung aus dem Serail by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart^[5]
  • Hagen, Götterdämmerung by Wagner^[5]

Basso Buffo / Bel Canto Bass

• Buffo, literally "funny," basses are lyrical roles but demand a solid coloratura technique. They are usually the antagonist or the comic relief in Bel Canto operas.
• Roles:
  • Don Bartolo, The Barber of Seville by Gioachino Rossini
  • Don Basilio, The Barber of Seville by Gioachino Rossini
  • Don Magnifico, La Cenerentola by Gioachino Rossini
  • Dottor Dulcamara, L'elisir d'amore by Gaetano Donizetti
  • title role, Don Pasquale by Gaetano Donizetti
  • Leporello, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Basso Cantante

• Basso Cantante means 'singing bass'.^[5] Basso cantante is a more lyrical voice.
• Roles:
  • Boris, Boris Godunov by Musorgsky^[5]
  • Don Basilio, The Barber of Seville Rossini
  • Leporello, Don Giovanni
  • Prince Gremin, Eugene Onegin by Pyotr Tchaikovsky
  • Count Rodolfo, La Sonnambula by Bellini^[5]
  • Philip II, Don Carlos by Verdi^[5]
  • Mephistopheles, Faust by Charles Gounod

Dramatic Bass

• Khan Konchak, Prince Igor by Alexander Borodin
• Vladimir Yaroslavich, Prince Igor by Alexander Borodin
• König Marke, Tristan und Isolde by Richard Wagner
• Banquo, Macbeth by Giuseppe Verdi
• The Commendatore, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Bass roles in operettas

Prominent basses

Norman Allin Ivar Andresen Feodor Chaliapin Boris Christoff Adamo Didur Gottlob Frick Nicolai Ghiaurov

Jerome Hines Marcel Journet Robert Lloyd René Pape Ezio Pinza Pol Plancon Alexander Kipnis Samuel Ramey

Mark Reizen Edouard de Reszke Matti Salminen Cesare Siepi Martti Talvela John Tomlinson Ludwig Weber

Contemporary and crossover basses

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article entitled List of contemporary and crossover basses. ()

Johnny Cash Bill Medley of The Righteous Brothers Ian Curtis of Joy Division Brad Roberts of Crash Test Dummies Paul Banks of Interpol (band)

Peter Steele of Type O Negative Tom Smith of Editors Calvin Harris Richard Sterban of the Oak Ridge Boys Barry White

See also

• Category of operatic basses

References

External links

• Guide to the singing voice, BBC Wales
• Basses in Bach’s vocal works
• Typical ranges, Yale University Library Archive[[hu:Basszus]