| Atari Jaguar | |
 |
|
 |
|
| Manufacturer | Atari |
|---|---|
| Type | Video game console |
| Generation | Fifth generation (32-bit/64-bit era) |
| First available |  November 18, 1993 |
| CPU | Motorola 68000 |
| Media | Cartridge, CD-ROM |
| Units sold | 250,000 in its first year on the market[1] |
| Top-selling game | Alien Vs. Predator |
| Predecessor | Atari 7800 |
| Successor | Atari Jaguar II |
The Atari Jaguar is a video game console that was released in November 1993 to rival the Mega Drive/Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System as a powerful next generation platform. Promoted as the "first 64-bit system", it proved to be a commercial failure and prompted Atari to leave the hardware business. Despite its commercial failure, the Jaguar has a large fan base that produces homebrew games, making this console a cult classic. [2]
Contents |
History
The Jaguar was the last game system to be marketed by Atari Corporation. Flare Technology, a company formed by Martin Brennan and John Mathieson, said that not only could they make a console superior to the Sega Mega Drive or the SNES, but they could also be cost-effective. Impressed by their work on the Konix Multisystem, Atari persuaded them to close Flare and, with Atari providing the funding, to form a new company called Flare II. Flare II initially set to work designing two consoles for Atari. One was a 32-bit architecture (codenamed "Panther"), and the other was a 64-bit system (codenamed "Jaguar"); however, work on the Jaguar design progressed faster than expected, and Atari canceled the Panther project to focus on the more promising 64-bit technology. The Jaguar was released in November 1993 for a sale price of $250,[1] under a $500 million manufacturing deal with IBM. The system was initially marketed only in the New York City and the San Francisco Bay areas. A nationwide release followed in early 1994. The system was marketed under the slogan "Do the Math",[1] claiming superiority over competing 16-bit systems. Initially, the system sold well, substantially outselling the highly hyped and publicized 3DO, which was also released during the holiday season of 1993; however, the Jaguar could not shake the perception of having poor games after several dismal launch titles. It finally had its first hit game with Tempest 2000, and other successful games like Doom and Wolfenstein 3D followed. The most successful title was Alien vs. Predator which, along with Tempest 2000, is often considered one of the system's defining titles. Through its lifetime, the Jaguar had an overall low number of titles due to being difficult to develop for. This was due to bugs in the released hardware (such as a memory controller flaw that could halt processor execution out of system RAM). Customers complained the Jaguar controller was needlessly complex, with over 15 buttons. By the end of 1995, after the entrance of the Sony PlayStation and the Sega Saturn, the Jaguar's fate was all but sealed. In an interview,[3] Sam Tramiel, CEO of Atari and son of Jack Tramiel, declared that the Jaguar was much more powerful than the Saturn and slightly weaker than the PlayStation. He also predicted the price of the PlayStation to be $500 and said that any price from $250 to $300 would be price dumping and that Atari would sue to block sales, which they never did. His comments were selected as #3 in GameSpy's Top 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming[3]. In a last ditch effort to rescue the Jaguar, Atari tried to play down these two consoles by proclaiming the Jaguar was the only "64-bit" system. Technically-minded gamers debated the merits of Atari's claim: some felt the Jaguar's principal "64-bit co-processors" were simply graphics accelerators, requiring external control from the Jaguar's primary processors; the primary GPU executed a 32-bit instruction-set, while the remaining CPU (68000) was already established to be a 32-bit unit. Others countered that the mere presence of 64-bit ALUs for graphics, was sufficient to validate Atari's claim. Design specs for the console allude to the GPU or DSP being capable of acting as a CPU, leaving the Motorola 68000 to read controller inputs. In practice, most developers used the Motorola 68000 to drive gameplay logic and AI. Finally, in mid-1996, Atari ran early-morning infomercial advertisements with enthusiastic salesmen touting the powerful game system. The infomercials ran most of the year but did not significantly sell the remaining stock of Jaguar systems. Over the short life of the console, several add-on peripherals were announced. Yet only the Atari Jaguar CD drive and the JagLink (a simple two-console networking device) reached retail shelves. The voice modem and VR headset (with infrared head-tracking), existed in prototype form, but were never commercialized. (See Loki and Konix Multisystem for early development.) Production of the Jaguar stopped after Atari merged with JT Storage in a reverse takeover.[4] After the Atari Corporation properties were bought out by Hasbro Interactive in the late 1990s, Hasbro released the rights to the Jaguar, declaring the console an open platform and opening the doors for homebrew development. Several game companies, including Telegames, ScatoLOGIC, and Songbird Productions, have not only released previously unfinished materials from the Jaguar's past, but also several brand new titles to satisfy the system's cult following. Some time later, Imagin Systems, a manufacturer of dental imaging equipment, purchased the molding plates for several of the Jaguar's casings as, with minor modification, they were the right size for housing their HotRod camera.[5] Even the game cartridge molds were reused to create an optional memory expansion card. Later product casings also bear a significant resemblance to the Jaguar.
Arcade games
Atari Games licensed the Atari Jaguar's chipset for use in its arcade games. The system, named COJAG (for "Coin-Op Jaguar"), replaced the 68000 with a 68020 or MIPS R3000-based CPU (depending on the board version), and added a hard drive and more RAM. It ran the lightgun games Area 51 and Maximum Force. Other games (3 On 3 Basketball, Fishin' Frenzy, Freeze the Cat and Vicious Circle) were developed but never released.
Technical specifications
From the Jaguar Software Reference manual:[6] "Jaguar is a custom chip set primarily intended to be the heart of a very high-performance games/leisure computer. It may also be used as a graphics accelerator in more complex systems, and applied to work-station and business uses. As well as a general purpose CPU, Jaguar contains four processing units. These are the Object Processor, Graphics Processor, Blitter, and Digital Sound Processor. Jaguar provides these blocks with a 64-bit data path to external memory devices, and is capable of a very high data transfer rate into external dynamic RAM." (page 1)
Processors:
- "Tom" Chip, 26.59 MHz
- Graphics processing unit (GPU) – 32-bit RISC architecture, 4 KB internal cache, provides wide array of graphic effects
- Object Processor – RISC architecture; programmable; can behave as a variety of graphic architectures
- Blitter – RISC architecture; high speed logic operations, z-buffering and Gouraud shading, and 32-bit internal registers.
- DRAM controller, 64-bit memory management (not a processor)
- "Jerry" Chip, 26.59 MHz
- Digital Signal Processor – 32-bit RISC architecture, 8 KB internal cache
- CD-quality sound (16-bit stereo)
- Number of sound channels limited by software
- Two DACs (stereo) convert digital data to analog sound signals
- Full stereo capabilities
- Wavetable synthesis, FM synthesis, FM Sample synthesis, and AM synthesis
- A clock control block, incorporating timers, and a UART
- Joystick control
- Motorola 68000 "used as a manager."[7]
- General purpose control processor, 13.295 MHz
Other Jaguar features:
- RAM: 2 MB on a 64-bit bus using 4 16-bit fast page mode DRAMS
- Storage: Cartridge – up to 6 MB
- Support for ComLynx I/O
References
- ^ a b c Blake Snow (2007-05-04). The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time. GamePro.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ Goss, Patrick, Redundant gadgets (Atari Jaguar entry), <http://tech.uk.msn.com/features/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=6171299&imageindex=5>. Retrieved on 2007-10-23
- ^ a b http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/index22.shtml
- ^ Atari and JT Storage Reorganisation Plan. One Cle. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
- ^ Atari Jaguar Revived As Dental Camera. 1up. Retrieved on 2006-11-29..
- ^ (1995) Jaguar Software Reference Manual - Version 2.4. Atari Corp..
- ^ Atari Jaguar Software Reference Manual, Atari Corp. 1995, Pg 2
See also
External links
- Jaguar Sector II
- Jaguar at Atari Times
- AtariAge – Jaguar Rarity Guide and information at Atari Age
- Jaguar Development Tools for DOS/Windows
- Jaguar at Open Directory Project
- Atari Jaguar FAQ at Electric Escape
- Atari JagFest Guide
- Planet Atari
- Jaguar Front Page News
- http://www.atari-jaguar64.de/
- Sam Trameil interview
|
|
|
|---|---|
| Computers | Atari 8-bit family • Atari ST • Atari MEGA STE • Atari TT030 • Atari Falcon • Atari Transputer Workstation • Atari Portfolio |
| Video game consoles | Pong • Stunt Cycle • Video Pinball • Atari 2600 • Atari 5200 • Atari 7800 • Lynx • Atari Jaguar • Atari Flashback |
| Cancelled prototypes | Atari Panther • Atari Jaguar II • Atari Cosmos |
| Other | Atari Video Music |
