Andreas Bernd Baader (6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was one of the first leaders of the German organization Red Army Faction, also commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof group. Born in Munich, Baader was a high school dropout and criminal before his RAF involvement. He was one of the few members of the RAF movement who did not attend a university.
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RAF Involvement
In 1968, Baader and his girlfriend Gudrun Ensslin were convicted of the arson bombing of a department store in Frankfurt am Main. After being sentenced in November 1969, Baader fled, but was caught in April 1970. A few weeks later, in May 1970, he was allowed to study at the library of a research institute outside the prison, without handcuffs. Journalist Ulrike Meinhof and two other women were allowed to join him, and aided in his escape by opening a door to admit a masked man who fired shots that wounded a 64-year-old librarian, hitting his liver. Baader, the three women and the masked man fled through a window, and the group soon became known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang. Baader and others then spent some time in a Fatah military training camp in Jordan before being expelled due to differences in attitudes. Back in Germany, Baader robbed banks and bombed buildings from 1970 to 1972. On June 1, 1972, he and fellow RAF members Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins were apprehended after a lengthy shootout in Frankfurt. During a collective hunger strike in 1974, which led to the death of Meins, philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre visited Baader in Stammheim Prison where he was being held. He later described Baader as "incredibly stupid" and "an asshole".[1] Despite never obtaining a driving licence, Baader was obsessed with driving. He regularly stole expensive sports cars for use by the gang, and was arrested driving a Iso Rivolta IR300.[2]
Stammheim
From 1975 to 1977, a long and expensive trial took place in a fortified building on the grounds of Stuttgart's Stammheim prison. According to reports from his jailers (including Horst Bubeck), the defendants, especially Baader, kept their cells as dirty and disgusting as possible in order to discourage searches for items that might be smuggled in; at this time lawyers and defendants were not separated by panes of glass during unsupervised meetings, as evidenced by photos taken by inmates. Ulrike Meinhof was found dead in her cell at Stuttgart-Stammheim on 9 May 1976, hanging from the ceiling. Members of the Red Army Faction and others claimed that she was killed by the German authorities. The so-called second generation of the RAF committed several kidnappings and killings in a campaign in support of their comrades. Nonetheless, the three remaining defendants were convicted in April 1977 of several murders, attempted murders, and of forming a terrorist organization, and were sentenced to life imprisonment. With the kidnapping of Hanns Martin Schleyer on 5 September 1977 and the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 in mid-October, terrorists tried to force the release of Baader and ten other imprisoned RAF members. At the conclusion of a period of several weeks that came to be called the German Autumn, the passengers of the Boeing 737 named Landshut were freed in an assault carried out by German GSG 9 special forces in the early hours of 18 October 1977. In the morning, Andreas Baader and Jan-Carl Raspe were found in their prison cells, having died from gunshot wounds, while Gudrun Ensslin was found hanging. RAF member Irmgard Möller was found with four stab wounds to her chest, but survived. All official inquiries on the matter concluded that Baader and his two accomplices committed collective suicide while Möller still insists that the deaths and her injury were extrajudicial executions.
In fiction
In 2002, director Christopher Roth released a film about Baader titled Baader.
References
- ^ "Sartre par lui-même", 1976
- ^ Klaus Stern. "Terrorist ohne Führerschein", einestages on Spiegel Online, October 2007.
See also
- Members of the Red Army Faction
- Hitler's Children: The story of the Baader Meinhof Terrorist Gang by Jillian Becker
External links
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Baader, Andreas Bernd |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Leader of the Red Army Faction |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 6, 1943 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Munich, Germany |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 18, 1977 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Stuttgart, Germany |
