Amintore Fanfani (February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian political and writer. Born in Pieve Santo Stefano, Tuscany, he was one of the most famous Italian politicians of the Second World War, was a historical figure of the Christian Democracy Party. Coming from a large and humble family, he completed his studies between Urbino (high schools) and Arezzo (Liceo Scientific). He graduated in economics and business in 1930 from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan and he got here in 1936 the chair of History of Economic Doctrines. He joint to the italian fascist party and in 1938, he supported the Manifesto of the race. Later, he worked at The defense of race, the official magazine of racism Italian, but Fanfani regime shared mainly policy choices and showed a strong supporter of corporatism, in which an instrument recognized providential to save the company derives from the Italian liberal or Socialist and one target towards the realization of those ideals of social justice suggested by the social doctrine of the church. During the years spent in Milan he knew Giuseppe Dossetti and Giorgio La Pira, and the end of thirty years, taken part assiduously to their meetings, talking about Catholicism and society. With the entry into war Italy, the group shifted its attention to the role that should have touched the Catholic world after the fall of Fascism, which was now deemed imminent. By September 8 1943, however, the group disbanded, and until the Liberation, Fanfani fled to Switzerland, where he organized university courses for Refugees Italians. Just returned to Italy, he was invited to Rome with his own Giuseppe Dossetti, newly elected vice-secretary of the Christian Democracy, which entrusted the direction of party propaganda office. He had this way beginning his political career and in the next half century will forever, even though alternating, at the center of the national political scene.
Political career
Elected to the Constituent Assembly, was part of the Commission that drafted the text of the new Republican Constitution: His is the formula: "Italy is a democratic republic founded on work." He was Minister of Labor in the fourth (1947-1948) and fifth (1948-1950) government De Gasperi and Agriculture in the seventh government De Gasperi (1951-1953), the Interior in the eighth government De Gasperi (1953-1953). In 1954 he formed his first government, but he doesn't get confidence. So he joint in the Pella government as Minister of the Interior. In 1954 he was appointed secretary of the Christian Democrats as leaders of the current "Democratic Initiative"; worked as secretary to give the party a dense network sections. In 1958, following the electoral success of DC, could make his second government, with the support of Republicans and Social Democrats, also holding the post of Foreign Minister. The government was a first hint to a new political time overcoming the so-called centrism. In 1960 Fanfani form his third government, with only the support of his party. In 1962 formed his fourth government, this time in coalition (DC-PSDI - PRI and with the external support of PSI), starting as the experience of majorities center on a basis that provides programmatic particularly the nationalization of electricity and the establishment of middle school only. Following the election defeat of 1963 he resigned. In 1965 he was foreign minister in the Moro second government, who also holds office from 1966 to 1968 in the Moro third government. He was elected President of the UN General Assembly for the period 1965-1966. Fanfani is the only Italian who has hold this office.
From 1968 to 1973 he was President of the Senate, and had in March 1972 he had the appointment of senator for life. In 1973, he became again secretary of the Christian Democrats, and he led the party in the campaign for the referendum on repeal of the divorce, on positions of strong opposition to the deployment secular. The defeat of the referendum on divorce provoked the resignation, he succeeded Benigno Zaccagnini. After the failure of the DC in administrative 1975 took a critical stand towards answering Zaccagnini: then became chairman of the DC in 1976 and from 1976 to 1982 he returned to the presidency of the Senate. From 1982 to 1983 he was President of the Council for the fifth time, leading a government DC-PSI-PSDI-PLI backed by the PRI. In February 1983 Fanfani went to London to visit the former King Umberto II of Italy, hospitalized at London Clinic. From 1985 to 1987 he was President of the Senate again. From April to July 1987 was prime minister for the sixt and later he became Minister of the Interior in the government Goria, from 1988 to 1989 he served as the budget in the government De Mita. After the season of Tangentopoli and the changes suffered by the DC, followed by the party in the formation of the Italian Popular Party. In XII legislature (1994-1996) was elected to the prestigious post of chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate of the Republic. Its latest releases have been political intervention at that sanctioned under the guidance of Mino Martinazzoli, the birth of the PPI and the declaration of trust Votic for the first Prodi government. In addition to studies and politics, his passion was painting, which exercised since Young after academic studies. Its political action was important because he is considered, together with Giuseppe Saragat, Pietro Nenni, Aldo Moro and Ugo la Malfa, one of the architects of the political center, with which the Christian Democrats wanted to rely on the collaboration of government with Italian Socialist Party. Fanfani died in Rome in 1999.
References
- Out for the Big Win, Time Magazine, May 26, 1958.
- Giulio Andreotti, De Gasperi e il suo tempo, Milano, Mondadori, 1956.
- Nico Perrone, Il segno della DC, Bari, Dedalo, 2002, ISBN 88-220-6253-1.
- Luciano Radi, La Dc da De Gasperi a Fanfani, Soveria Manelli, Rubbettino, 2005.
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| Amato | Gunnella | Iervolino | La Pergola | Gaspari | Ruberti | Santuz | Tognoli | Mattarella | Andreotti | Fanfani | Vassalli | Colombo | Gava | Zanone | Galloni | De Rose | Pandolfi | Mannino | Mammì | Battaglia | Donat-Cattin | Ruggiero | Prandini | Vizzini | Carraro | Ruffolo | Formica |
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| De Michelis | Maccanico | Iervolino | Lattanzio | La Pergola | Cirino Pomicino | Gaspari | Mattarella | Togonli | Andreotti | Gava | Vassalli | Fanfani | Colombo | Amato | Zanone | Galloni | Ferri | Mannino | Mammì | Santuz | Battaglia | Donat-Cattin | Ruggiero | Prandini | Formica | Fracanzani | Bono Parrino | Carraro | Ruffolo | Ruberti |
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| Alcide De Gasperi · Atillio Piccioni · Giuseppe Cappi · Paolo Emilio Taviani · Guido Gonella · Alcide De Gasperi · Amintore Fanfani · Aldo Moro · Mariano Rumor · Flaminio Piccoli · Arnaldo Forlani · Amintore Fanfani · Benigno Zaccagnini · Flaminio Piccoli · Ciriaco De Mita · Arnaldo Forlani · Mino Martinazzoli |
