14 (number)

14 (fourteen) is the natural number following 13 and preceding 15.

In mathematics

Fourteen is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2, 7 and 14. 14 is the 3rd discrete biprime ( 2 . 7 )and the 3rd member of the (2.q) discrete biprime family. The number following 14;15,is itself a discrete biprime and this is the first such pair of discrete biprimes The next example is the pair commencing 21 The aliquot sum σ(n) of 14 is 10, also a discrete biprime and this is again the first example of a discrete biprime having an aliquot sum in the same form. 14 has an aliquot sequence of 6 members ( 14,10,8,7,1,0) 14 is the third composite number in the 7-aliquot tree. It is the base of the tetradecimal notation. In base fifteen and higher bases (such as hexadecimal), fourteen is represented as E. Fourteen is the sum of the first three squares, which makes it a square pyramidal number. This number is the lowest even n for which the equation φ(x) = n has no solution, making it the first even nontotient (see Euler's totient function). 14 is a Catalan number, the only semiprime among all Catalan numbers. Take a set of real numbers and apply the closure and complement operations to it in any possible sequence. At most 14 distinct sets can be generated in this way. This holds even if the reals are replaced by a more general topological space. See Kuratowski's closure-complement problem. Fourteen is a Keith number in base 10: 1, 4, 5, 9, 14, 23, 37, 60, 97, 157... Fourteen is an open meandric number. Fourteen is a Companion Pell number. According to the Shapiro inequality 14 is the least numbers n such that there exist <math>x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n</math> such that

<math>\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{x_i}{x_{i+1}+x_{i+2}} < \frac{n}{2}</math>

where <math>x_{n+1}=x_1, x_{n+2}=x_2</math>. There are fourteen possible Bravais lattices that fill three-dimensional space. The cuboctahedron, the truncated cube, and the truncated octahedron each have fourteen faces. The rhombic dodecahedron, which tessellates 3-dimensional space and is the dual of the cuboctahedron, has fourteen vertices. The truncated octahedron, which also tessellates 3-dimensional space, is the only permutohedron.

In science

Chemistry

• The atomic number of silicon
• The approximate atomic weight of nitrogen
• The maximum number of electrons that can fit in an f sublevel

Astronomy

• Messier object M14, a magnitude 9.5 globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus
• The New General Catalogue object NGC 14, a magnitude 12.5 irregular galaxy in the constellation Pegasus
• The Saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on -2568 July 31 and ended on -1035 February 6. The duration of Saros series 14 was 1532.5 years, and it contained 86 solar eclipses.
• The Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which began on -2230 June 1 and ended on -932 July 19. The duration of Saros series 14 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 lunar eclipses.

In religion

• The number of Stations of the Cross.
• The Fourteen Holy Helpers were a group of saints formerly venerated together by Roman Catholics.
• The number of muqatta'at in the Qur'an.
• The number of Infalliables (Masoomeen) in Shia Ithna-Asheri Islam.

As lucky or unlucky number

• 14 represents good luck in South American countries
• 14 is a lucky number to the modern Chinese sociaty. 14 is said as "shi si," which sounds like "more/deep thinking", 14 as musical pronounce sound is "dou fa," which exactly sounds like "all have fortunes"
• 14 is an unlucky number to the Chinese. 14 is usually said as "shi si," which sounds like "ten die". Also, a common way to say "one" is as "yao". Therefore, 14 can also be said as "yao si," literally "one four," but it sounds like "want to die." which also have a unlucky connotation. See Numbers in Chinese culture

Age 14

• In the UK a minor aged 14 can be tried in court for any sexual offense.
• This is the youngest age a person could watch a TV-14 rated show without consent from a legal guardian.
• 14 is the age of consent in Canada.
• In some states, you can obtain a driving (learner's) permit at 14.
• Age 14 is the earliest that the emancipation of children can occur.

In sports

• Retired number of former baseball stars Pete Rose and Ernie Banks
• Chris Chambliss, baseball player, wore number 14 for the Cleveland Indians (1971-74).
• Number worn by Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleyball player, considered to be among the best outside hitters in the world.
• The G-14 is a union of eighteen football clubs.
• In rugby union the right wing wears the 14 shirt.
• In football the number of Johan Cruijff and Thierry Henry.
• The car number of A.J. Foyt when he won the Indianapolis 500 in 1967 and 1977.
• Number worn by retired NBA sharp-shooter Jeff Hornacek (Phoenix Suns, Philadelphia 76ers, and Utah Jazz)
• Retired number of Bob Cousy
• Shirt number worn by Australian Cricket Captain Ricky Ponting in ODI matches
• QPR star striker Martin Rowlands wears the number 14 shirt.

Neo-Nazi symbol

Among White Nationalists, 14 signifies the "Fourteen Words"—"We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children"—attributed to David Lane. Often found in combination with 88 (1488, 8814, 14/88, etc.).

In other fields

Fourteen is:

• The number of days in a fortnight.
• In traditional British units of weight, the number of pounds in a stone.
• A number 'encoded' in a lot of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach may have considered this number a sort of signature, since given A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, etc., then B + A + C + H = 14. (See also 41)
• The number of points outlined by president Woodrow Wilson for reconstructing a new Europe following World War I, see Fourteen Points.
• The section that you go to when you die in the Grailquest books
• The number of a Mexican street gang, the Norteños. It designates N, the fourteenth letter of the alphabet, which stands for "Northerner". It also signifies the fourteen counties that make up Northern California.
• The number of legs on a woodlouse, as well as on Hallucigenia.
• A common designation for the thirteenth floor in many buildings for superstitious reasons
• The number of points in a proposed republican constitution of the United Kingdom
• In tarot, card No. 14 is "Temperance".
• The number of lines in a sonnet.

Santos Dumont's 14-bis hanging from Airship 14.

• The Number 14 airship by Alberto Santos Dumont that was used to test the aerodynamics of his 14-bis airplane, the first one to fly practically (depending on the definition of "flying practically").

Historical years

14 A.D., 14 B.C., 1914, 2014, etc.

References