References And Further Reading

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The Encyclopedia of Protestantism: Volume 2 D–K

Primary Sources:

Du Plessis, David J. A Man called Mr. Pentecost. Plainfield, NJ: Logos, 1977.

——. The Spirit Bade Me Go. Plainfield, NJ: Logos, 1970.

Secondary Source:

Durasoff, Steve. Bright Wind of the Spirit: Pentecostalism Today. Plainfield, NJ: Logos, 1972.

THOMAS A.WELCH

Author, editor and educator, civil rights leader. DuBois was a towering figure among twentieth-century black leaders with a keen sense of mission to free black America. He was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He had a Christian upbringing and was a devoted Christian in his youthful days, accompanying his mother to a nearby Congregational Church at Great Barrington.

He studied at Fisk (Nashville), Harvard, and Berlin and subsequently taught at Wilberforce and Pennsylvania universities. He also served as director of publications for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as editor of Crisis Magazine (1910–1932), as editor of Atlanta University Studies (1897–1911), and as editor of Phylon Quarterly Review (1940–1944).

DuBois became secretary of the NAACP, but in 1948 he left the association. He advocated total elimination of discrimination and equality of all races. He was a major speaker at the All African Conference held in Accra, Ghana in 1958 where he advocated socialism over capitalism (see SOCIALISM, CHRISTIAN). Three years later, at the age of ninety-three, he joined the Communist party. He was invited to Ghana by the first prime minister of the country, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. Consequently he returned to Ghana in 1961 as a voluntary exile where he died two years later as a citizen of Ghana.

Apart from his background in the Congregational Church, his major significance for Protestantism lies in the fact that he influenced and worked in close association with the AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH (A.M.E.Zion), which became strongest in North Carolina in 1820. The A.M.E.Zion Church was a religious/Christian variant of the black consciousness movement. DuBois collaborated with Bishop Alexander Walters, bishop of the A.M.E.Zion Church in the African Association in London, which held a conference in July 1900. Sylvester Williams who founded the association was the general secretary; Walters was the president while DuBois served as chairman of the Committee on Address.

See also Civil Rights Movement; Slavery, Abolition of

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