Psycholinguistics

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Psycholinguistics Summary

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Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics

psycholinguistics

Interdisciplinary area of research concerned with the processes of language production, language comprehension, and language acquisition, in which neurolinguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence are closely allied. The central issues of psycholinguistics were taken up as early as the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries by Steinthal, Wundt and Bühler. The designation, concept, and program of psycholinguistics was developed in the summer of 1953 in a seminar at the Linguistics Institute of Indiana University by American psychologists and linguists (see Osgood & Sebeok 1954). It was determined that the linguistic structures discovered by linguists could be studied using the methods and theories of (experimental) psychology.

Two important directions based on different assumptions about the relationship between language and cognition can be distinguished. (a) The first direction is oriented towards more recent linguistic theories (especially as a consequence of Chomsky’s work on transformational grammar in the 1960s and 1980s). It views grammar as an autonomous cognitive system ( modularity) and concerns itself with proving the psychological reality of linguistic constructs ( click²). (b) The second direction is more closely oriented towards models in cognitive psychology, in particular towards approaches that assume a more intensive interaction between the individual levels of linguistic description or between cognitive systems. In the 1980s models were tested that assumed a parallel processing of information in closely intertwined systems ( connectionism). For an overview, see Weissenborn & Schriefers (1987).

References

Aitchison. J. 1989. The articulate mammal: an introduction to psycholinguistics, 3rd rev. edn. London.

Appel. G. and H.Dechert (eds) 1991. A case for psycholinguistic cases. Amsterdam and Philadelphia.

Blumenthal, A.L. 1970. Language and psychology: historical aspects of psycholinguistics. New York.

Bresnan. J, (ed.) 1981. The mental representation of grammatical relations. Cambridge. MA.

Bühler, K. 1934. Sprachtheorie. Jena. (Repr. Stuttgart. 1965.)

Carroll, D.W. 1986. Psychology of language. Belmont. CA.

Chomsky, N. 1968. Language and mind. New York.

Clark, H.H. and E.V.Clark. 1977. Psychology and language: an introduction to psycholinguistics. New York.

Flores d’Arcais, G.B. and W.J.M.Levelt (eds) 1970. Advances in psycholinguistics. New York.

Fodor, J.A., T.G.Bever. and M.F.Garrett. 1974. The psychology of language. New York.

Garman, M. 1990. Psycholinguistics. Cambridge.

Garnham, A. 1985. Psycholinguistics: central topics. London.

Gernsbacher, M.A. (ed.) 1994. Handbook of psycholinguistics. San Diego, CA.

Glucksberg, S. and J. Danke. 1975. Experimental psycholinguistics: an introduction. New York.

Johnson-Laird, P.N. 1983.

Mental models. Cambridge, MA.

Kess, J.F. 1991. Psycholinguistics: psychology, linguistics and the study of natural languages. Amsterdam and Philadelphia.

Lenneberg, E.H. 1967. Biological foundations of language. New York.

Lenneberg, E.H. and H.E.Lenneberg (eds) 1976. Foundations of language development: a multidisciplinary approach, vol. 1. New York.

Levelt, W.J.M. 1974. Formal grammars in linguistics and psycholinguistics, vol. 3: Psycholinguistic applications. The Hague.

——1989. Speaking: from intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA.

McWhinney, B. and E.Bates (eds) 1989. The crosslinguistic study of language processing. Cambridge.

Miller, G. and P.N.Johnson-Laird. 1976. Language and perception. Cambridge, MA.

Murray, D.J. 1990. On the early history of psycholinguistics. Historiographia Linguistica 17. 369–81.

Osgood, C and T.A.Sebeok (eds) 1954. Psycholinguistics: A survey of theory and research problems. Baltimore, MD.

——(eds) 1965. Psycholinguistics: a survey of theory and research problems. Bloomington, IN.

Prideaux, G.D. 1985. Psycholinguistics: the experimental study of language. London.

Reed, S.K. 1982. Cognition: theory and applications. Monterey, CA.

Rosenberg, S. (ed.) 1982. Handbook of applied psycholinguistics. Hillsdale, NJ.

——(ed.) 1987. Advances in applied psycholinguistics, 2 vols. Cambridge.

Slobin, D.I. 1979. Psycholinguistics, 2nd edn. Glenview, IL, and London.

Steinberg, D.D. 1993. An introduction to psycholinguistics. London.

Tannenhaus, M.K. 1988. Psycholinguistics: an overview. In F.Newmeyer (ed.), Linguistics: the Cambridge survey. Cambridge. Vol. 3, 1–37.

Weissenborn, J. and H.Schriefers. 1987. Psycholinguistics. In U.Ammon et al. (eds), Soziolinguistik/ Sociolinguistics. Berlin. 470–87.

Bibliographies

Prucha, J. 1972. Information sources in psycholinguistics: an interdisciplinary bibliographical handbook. The Hague.

Sheldon, A. 1977. Bibliography of psychological, linguistic, and philosophical research on the psychological reality of grammar. Minnesota Working Papers in Linguistics and Philosophy of Language 4. 169–79.