Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
particle [Lat. particula ‘small part’] (also function/structural word)
1 Wide-reaching term, including all indeclinable word classes such as adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions and other particle classes such as scalar particles, discourse markers, modal particles, negation, interjections.
2 In a narrower sense: all invariant words which are not adverbs, conjunctions or prepositions, i.e. scalar particles, discourse markers, modal particles and interjections. They have weak lexical meaning and are ambiguous; a characteristic is the overlapping of the individual functions.
(
also modal particle)
References
Dikken, M. den 1995. Particles. On the syntax of the verb-particle, triadic and causative constructions. Oxford.
discourse marker, interjection, modal particle, scalar particle
Bibliography
Weydt, H. 1987. Partikel-Bibliographie: internationale Sprachenforschung zu Partikeln und Interjektionen. Frankfurt.
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