Dictionary of Biological Psychology
The opiate drugs consist of a class of compounds that are extracted from the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum), including OPIUM, MORPHINE, and CODEINE, as well as synthetic derivatives such as HEROIN and MEPERIDINE (Demerol). Traditionally, this group of drugs has also been called NARCOTICS, after the Greek word for ‘stupor’ or ‘benumbing’.
Use of the extracts of the poppy plant for its psychological and medicinal properties may date back over 5000 years. Opiates are extensively used in medicine for pain relief, and they are effective cough suppressants and anti-diarrhoeal agents. Opiates are also a major class of drugs that lead to ADDICTION.
ANN E.KELLEY
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