Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
Important syntactic category which makes up the majority of items in the English vocabulary. Nouns are marked morphologically in many Indo-European languages by the categories gender, number, and case. As the nucleus of noun phrases, they can be modified by attributes. Semantically, they are either concrete or abstract: concretes include proper nouns (Mary, Boston, Mozart), common nouns (person, cat, singer), collectives (mountain range, cattle), and other mass nouns (wine, gold, blood). Abstracts indicate properties (loyalty), events (dreams), relationships (animosity). measurements (hour, mile).
For relevant information on word formation in nouns, 
composition, nominalization, word formation; for stylistic aspects nominal style. ( also declension, noun phrase)
Reference
Schachter, P. 1985. Parts of speech systems. In K. Shopen (ed.), Language typology and syntactic description. Cambridge. Vol. 1, 3–61.
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