The Dictionary of Environmental Science and Engineering, Second Edition
Cooler than average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. When this occurs it has a significant effect on global weather patterns.
Cooler than normal subsurface waters of the tropical Pacific are carried easterly by trade winds and upwelling occurs off the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. Sea surface temperatures fall. Effects on fisheries off the South American coast are benign, see El Nino, see Upwelling
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