The Routledge Dictionary of Judaism
The First War against Rome, fought in the Land of Israel, both in Galilee and then in Judea, 67–73 C.E. The war began with a Temple riot and the revolt was led by the Zealots thereafter. It reached its climax in August, 70 C.E., when on the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Ab, the Temple was captured and burned by the Romans. Resistance continued for some time.
The Second War against Rome was fought in the land of Israel under the leadership of the Simeon bar Kokhba (see MESSIAH), 132–135 C.E., probably in the expectation that after the three generations had passed, Israel would regain Jerusalem, as had happened in the aftermath of the loss of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.E. and its restoration three generations later. The war was fiercely fought against Rome which was then at the height of its power. When it was over, the Jews were forbidden to enter Jerusalem. The Temple was plowed over and a pagan temple dedicated to Jupiter was constructed in its place.
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