The Dictionary of Environmental Science and Engineering, Second Edition
Displacement of one ion by another. Cations and anions can be exchanged between a liquid and a solid exchange medium.
Cation, or base exchange, can be used to soften a water. Cation and anion exchange are both used in preparation of boiler feed water and industrial process water. Ion exchange media must have a large surface area per unit volume, high exchange capacity, be physically durable and relatively inexpensive, be capable of regeneration by inexpensive chemicals and must not discolor the water (free of color throw), see Zeolites
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