A Dictionary of Philosophy, Third Edition
. 1859–1938. Born in Moravia, he spent his life teaching in German universities. He is usually regarded as the leading figure in PHENOMENOLOGY, which took two successive forms in his own work, descriptive and transcendental. His early work (1891) was still under the influence of PSYCHOLOGISM, which in his mature and phenomenological stages he vigorously rejected. His early phenomenology (1900–1) has some affinities with linguistic philosophy. He was influenced especially by BRENTANO and in turn influenced EXISTENTIALSIM.
Philosophie der Arithmetik, 1891. Logische Untersuchungen, 1900–1. Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie, 1913. Meditations Cartésiennes, 1931. Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie, 1936 (in part; full edition 1954). See also CATEGORIES, HEIDEGGER, MERLEAU-PONTY, NATURALISM.
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