The Qur‘an: an Encyclopedia
A place of historic significance in the history of Islam, Hudaybiyya lies ten miles outside of Mecca to the north. It gave its name to the so-called Truce (or Treaty) of Hudaybiya, which the Prophet concluded with Meccans in 628 CE, six years after the hijra.
It is a place where over a thousand Muslims from Medina, led by the Prophet, were stopped by the Quraysh and refused permission to enter the precincts of Mecca; they were on their way to perform the 
(lesser pilgrimage) at the 
The Muslims were unarmed and decisively dressed in ihram for the purpose of making the pilgrimage—which, according to Arab custom, they were fully entitled to do during the sacred months.
This action was based on a vision Prophet Muhammad had concerning his entry into the haram sharif (sacred precinct), as mentioned in 48.27. The events at Hudaybiya were deemed to be the fulfillment of that vision and are described in the 
as a ‘victory’ granted by God.
The peace treaty signed between the Muslims and the Meccans was not seemingly favourable to the Muslims, because (among other things) it included the following stipulations:
1.
Muslims would not perform the pilgrimage that year but instead would do so the following year, when the Meccans would vacate the sacred precinct for three days allowing full access to Muslims.
2. Tribal alliances would be freely allowed.
3. Meccans who, without proper authority from their guardians join the Muslims in Medina, would be returned, but not the other way around.
The treaty also confirmed a ten-year peace, which allowed the Muslims to regroup and focus their strength on matters other than defending themselves from Meccan hostilities. 48.10 also mentions the bay’a ar-ridwan (oath of God’s good pleasure) given to the Prophet by Muslims present at Hudaybiya, which confirmed their loyalty to the Prophet, reflecting Muslim unity as another factor in their ultimate victory.
IRFAN A.OMAR
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