Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
fricative [Lat. fricare ‘to rub’] (also spirant)
Speech sound classified according to its manner of articulation, namely with pulmonic or pharyngeal air (
ejective), and in which at least in one position the oral cavity forms a narrow passage through which the expired air creates sound through friction. Subclasses of fricatives are formed by labialization, palatalization, velarization, pharyngealization ( secondary articulation), aspiration, nasalization, glottalization. Further classificatory characteristics are phonation, the articulator, and place of articulation ( articulatory phonetics).
In English, all fricatives are formed with the pulmonic airstream mechanism. Ejective fricatives are found in Amharic and Caucasian. Unlike (non-nasal) stops, fricatives can function as syllables, e.g. in the Sino-Tibetan language of Hani. In English, syllabic fricatives occur only paralinguistically, as in 
References
phonetics
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