Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
computational linguistics
1 Discipline straddling linguistics and (applied) computer science that is concerned with the comsputer processing of natural languages (on all levels of linguistic description). Particular areas of interest are (a) the development of formalisms for precisely representing linguistic knowledge or models that can be interpreted by computers (
definite clause grammar, knowledge representation); (b) the development of processes and algorithms for analyzing and generating natural-language texts ( parsing, machine-aided translation, text generation); (c) models for simulating linguistic behavior (e.g. for dialogue strategies or question-answer systems); (d) work benches for grammar models, and the like, that make the testing of rules and rule-based systems possible; and (e) programs for collecting and statistically evaluating large amounts of language data, e.g. for automatic lemmatization (attributing word forms to a particular lexeme), for producing word frequency lists, for automatically indexing according to specific key words, for producing concordances (word lists with contexts). For information regarding the state of education in computational linguistics, see Cohen (1986) and Evans (1986).
2 A more general view of computational linguistics than that above includes the area of speech processing.
References
Alshawi, H. (ed.) 1992. The core language engine. Cambridge, MA.
Bates, M. and R.M.Weischedel (eds) 1992. Challenges in natural language processing. Cambridge.
Bátori, S.I., W.Lenders and W.Putschke (eds) 1989. Computational linguistics: an international hand-book on computer oriented language research and applications. Berlin and New York.
Bird, S. 1995. Computational phonology. A constraint-based approach. Cambridge.
Bridge, P. and S.Harlow. 1995. An introduction to computational linguistics. Oxford.
Briscoe, T. and B.Boguraev. 1988. Computational lexicography for natural language processing. London.
Butler, C.S. 1985. Computers in linguistics. Oxford.
Carberry, S. 1990. Plan recognition in natural language dialogue. Cambridge, MA.
Cawsey, A. 1993. Explanation and interaction: the computer generation of explanatory dialogues. Cambridge, MA.
Cohen, R. 1986. Survey of computational linguistics courses. CL 12 (Course Survey Supplement).
Evans, M. 1986. Directory of graduate programs in computational linguistics, 2nd edn. CL 12 (Graduate Directory Supplement).
Gazdar, G. (ed.) 1985. Computational tools for doing linguistics. Linguistics 23. 185–7.
Gazdar, G. and C.S.Mellish. 1989.
Natural language processing in PROLOG. Reading, MA.
Grosz, B., K.Sparck-Jones, and B.L.Webber (eds) 1986. Readings in natural language processing. Los Altos, CA.
Halvorsen, P.-K. 1988. Computer application of linguistic theory. In F.Newmeyer (ed.), Linguistics: the Cambridge survey. Cambridge. Vol. 1, 187–219.
Kronfeld, A. 1990. Reference and computation. Cambridge.
Krulee, G.K. 1991. Computer processing of natural language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Moore, J.D. 1993. Participating in explanatory dialogues. Cambridge, MA.
Paris, C.L., W.R.Swartout and W.C.Mann. 1991. Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Dordrecht.
Pennington, M.C. and V.Stevens (eds) 1991. Computers in applied linguistics: an international perspective. Clevedon.
Pustejovsky, J. (ed.) 1993. Semantics and the lexicon. Dordrecht.
Ristad, E.S. 1993. The complexity of human language. Cambridge, MA.
Rosner, M. and R.Johnson. 1992. Computational linguistics and formal semantics. Cambridge.
Saint-Dizier, P. and E.Viegas. 1995. Computational lexical semantics. Cambridge.
Salton, G. and M.J.McGill. 1983. Introduction to modern information retrieval. New York.
Smith, G.W. 1991. Computers and human language. Oxford.
Sproat, R. 1992. Morphology and computation. Cambridge, MA.
Winograd, T. 1983. Language as a cognitive process, vol. 1: Syntax. Reading. MA.
Journals
Computational Linguistics
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
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