Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
artificial intelligence (abbrev. AI)
Subdiscipline of computer science that attempts to simulate and understand human intelligence and cognitive abilities by using machines (i.e. computers). Two important currents can be seen in artificial intelligence: (a) an orientation towards cognition whose goal is to describe and explain cognitive processes; and (b) an orientation towards applied theory which has focused on constructing working computer systems. Every type of interaction between humans and machines is based on concepts of artificial intelligence. Its areas of application include theorem proving, knowledge-based expert systems, machine learning programs, machine-aided translation. and comprehending and generating spoken language, among many others.
References
Barr, A. and E.A.Feigenbaum, (eds) 1981–2. The handbook of artificial intelligence, 3 vols. Los Altos, CA.
——, P.Cohen and E.A.Feigenbaum (eds) 1989. The handbook. of artificial intelligence. vol. 4. Los Altos, CA.
Broadbent, D. (ed.) 1992. The simulation of human intelligence. Oxford.
Charniak, E. 1994.
Statistical language learning. Cambridge, MA.
Johnson-Laird, P. 1988. The computer and the mind. Cambridge, MA.
Krause, P. and D.Clark. 1993. Representing uncertain knowledge: an artificial intelligence approach. Dordrecht.
Paris, C.L., et al. 1991. Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Dordrecht.
Partridge, D. and Y.Wilks 1990. The foundation of artificial intelligence. Cambridge.
Rich, E. 1983. Artificial intelligence. London.
Shapiro, S. (ed.) 1987. Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence. New York.
Vollnhals, O. 1992. Multilingual dictionary of artificial intelligence. London.
Way, E.C. 1991. Knowledge representation and metaphor. Dordrecht.
Journal
Artificial Intelligence
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