(fl. second half of the 13th century). The English author or compiler of an unattributed treatise on music that probably dates from the 1280s is designated Anonymous 4 after the ordering of anonymi in the first volume of Coussemaker’s Scriptorum de musica medii aevi. Anonymous 4 is the sole source for almost all our knowledge of historical individuals of the Notre-Dame School because he gives an apparently chronological listing of significant individuals working in Paris from the late 12th to the late 13th century, up to and including Franco of Cologne. He knew Léonin by reputation and could describe in detail musical works of Pérotin. His knowledge of other Parisian magistri leaves little room to doubt his presence in Paris sometime in the mid- to late 13th century, possibly as a student at the university.
A secondary source for Garlandian modal theory, the treatise further appears to be either an adaptation to insular practices or a substantially original extension of Garlandian modal theory independent from developments in Paris.
