Dictionary of Biological Psychology
A monoamine that is primarily synthesized in the ADRENAL GLAND, specifically the CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the adrenal medulla. Also known as epinephrine, it is synthesized from NORADRENALINE (or norepinephrine) by the enzyme PHENYLETHANOLAMINE-N-METHYLTRANSFERASE (PNMT).
Experiments in the early part of the twentieth century suggested that nerves of the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM stimulated the heart and constricted blood vessels by a hormonal substance acting on the effector organs. When the adrenal medulla is excited by sympathetic activity, adrenaline is released into the circulatory system and quickly reaches many target organs, such as the heart, lungs and blood vessels. Along with the neurotransmitter noradrenaline, it has an important role in increasing oxygen delivery to muscles and brain, preparing the body for STRESS or FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT situations. The term ADRENERGIC is used to describe a neuron that contains adrenaline.
ANN E.KELLEY
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