Translation (tarjama) of the has always been a problematic and controversial issue for Muslims. The reasons for this controversy are diverse, but first and foremost among them is the fact that to Muslims the represents the verbatim words of God as...

. Translations into Old French from classical and late Latin texts can be divided, for the sake of descriptive taxonomy, into three large categories: translations and imitations of major classical literary models, translations of historical and...

Because of this particular history, in which European modernizing power met non-European societies, the subject of conversion has to be regarded as one of the most important in the anthropology of religion. †Rodney Needham (1972) has drawn...

1 In the broad sense, ‘translation’ refers to the process and result of transferring a text from the source language into the target language. 2 In the narrow sense, it refers to rendering a written text into another language as opposed to...

The concept of translation is a long-established one across many disciplines, with the distinctive anthropological contribution being an emphasis on the social nature of translation and on the many-layered nature of meaning. First, a common metaphor...

A property of generative grammars. Two grammars are called ‘weakly equivalent’ if they generate the same set of sentences. They are called ‘strongly equivalent’ if they generate the same set of sentences and assign the same...

n. An approach to the physiological control of speech in which representations in terms of linguistic units are considered to form the input to the speech mechanism. See Nolan (1982) or Laver (1989), and cf. Action...

1 The language into which one translates from a source language. 2 In second language acquisition, the language being learned as opposed to the native language or first language. ( also L1 vs...

1 Language from which one translates into the target language. 2 Native language of the learner in second language acquisition, especially from a contrastive and error-analytic...

The process of expressing what is communicated in one language in...

Translation is at best an echo....

Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language (the "source text") and the production, in another language (the "target language"), of an equivalent text (the "target text," or "translation") that communicates the same...