Water treatment—or the purification and sanitation of water—varies as to the source and kinds of water. Municipal waters, for example, consist of surface water and ground-water, and their treatment is to be distinguished from that of...

The term "water reclamation" can be defined in different ways. In the early and mid-1900s, water reclamation referred primarily to supplying potable water to arid areas where water was not readily available, through the development of...

Sewage is wastewater discharged from a home, business, or industry. Sewage is treated to remove or alter contaminants in order to minimize the impact of discharging wastewater into the environment. The operations and processes used in sewage...

Sewage is wastewater discharged from a home, business, or industry. Sewage is treated to remove or alter contaminants in order to minimize the impact of discharging wastewater into the environment. The operations and processes used in sewage treatment...

Wastewater treatment plants produce organic sludge as wastewater is treated; this sludge must be further treated before ultimate disposal. Sludges are generated from primary settling tanks, which are used to remove settable, particulate solids, and...

Any wastewater treatment, in addition to conventional secondary treatment, by which further removals of impurities are achieved. This does not include chlorination of secondary effluent. Some tertiary treatment processes are sand filtration,...

These are divided into two major types: terrestrial and aquatic. The terrestrial (land application) are slow-rate irrigation, rapid-infiltrationpercolation and overland flow. The aquatic are pond systems, anaerobic ponds and facultative ponds. Both...

A device at the head of a wastewater treatment plant for collecting particles, primarily sand, with a specific gravity of about 2.65. It is necessary to maintain a fairly narrow flow velocity in order to keep organic material from settling out. see...

The ratio of microorganisms to food. This is important in operation of a biological wastewater treatment process. A low M/F ratio indicates that microorganisms are in the log-growth phase while a large M/F ratio indicates endogenous...

Wastewater flows exhibit considerable variation over a 24 hour period. It is desirable to smooth out these flows in order to relieve hydraulic and organic peak loads. This is usually accomplished by holding...

Anaerobic bacteria stabilize organic matter in the absence of free oxygen. One advantage is that much of the organic matter is converted to liquid or gas and much less sludge is...

In biological wastewater treatment the pollutant material is utilized as food by microorganisms. The food becomes part of the microbial cell and is removed in tanks which follow the biological...

The average residence time of solids (sludge) in a treatment process. This an is important parameter in anaerobic sludge...

These are provided at the head of a wastewater treatment plant to remove large floating objects such as wood and...

The percentage ratio between the substrate (food) removed and the influent substrate...

see Mixed liquor suspended...

see Premanufacture...

see...

Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological...