Knowledge in Indian Philosophy Almost all the philosophical texts in classical India were written in Sanskrit. How does one say knowledge in Sanskrit? And what do the Sanskrit terms that may be translated by the English word knowledge mean exactly?...

The Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas coined the term "Sanskritization" to identify a dominant strand of Indian society and culture, characterized by "the process by which a low caste or tribe or other group takes over the customs,...

PAÑCATANTRA. The Pañcatantra is a collection of animal stories, in Sanskrit, compiled by an unknown author some time prior to the sixth (possibly as early as the fourth) century CE. Many of the stories were doubtless drawn from the great...

PURUṢA is a Sanskrit word meaning "person" or "a man." Throughout Indian intellectual history the term has acquired the independent meanings of "the first man, self," and "consciousness."...

Term for various forms of Old Indo-Aryan. The oldest form is the language of the Vedas (ritual texts originating before 1000 BC but written down much later), followed by the language of speculative writings such as Brāhmanas and theoretical works...

The earliest traces of Sanskrit, an Indo-Aryan language that is part of the larger family of Indo-European languages, occur in the hymns of the Rig Veda (the earliest Hindu sacred writings), which may have been composed as early as the second...

NANJŌ BUNYŪ (1849–1927), also transliterated Nanjio Bunyiu; Japanese Buddhist scholar who first introduced Sanskrit into Japan from Europe and laid the foundation for Western-style Sanskrit and Buddhist studies in Japan....

The Sanskrit alphabet is phonetical: all vowels and consonants are pronounced clearly and always in the same way. Vowels: a short like ‘u’ in ‘luck’ ā long like ‘a’ in ‘grass’ i short like...

(: composed, refined, polished, made perfect, artful, artificial) the sacred and literary language of ancient and medieval India which underwent several stages of development. Its oldest form, the language of the Vedic hymns, differs in some respects...

(Sanskrit: “Daughter of the Mountain”), wife of the Hindu god Śiva (Shiva). Pārvatī is the benevolent aspect of the goddess Śakti and is sometimes identified with Umā. The legendary account of her marriage...

Old Indo-Aryan language, the classical literary language of Hinduism. The most ancient form is Vedic, attested in its earliest form in parts of the Rig Veda, dating from the late 2nd millennium &BC;. Late Vedic Sanskrit was described and codified in a...

A somewhat vague term in Mahāyāna philosophy which Suzuki defines as ‘anything that does something and is productive of some effect’ that comes under the law of causation and of mutual dependence. (See Causation, Karma,...

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Sanskrit (à¤'à¤'à¤'à¥à¤à¥à¤¤à¤¾ वाà¤à¥ saá¹ská¹tÄ vÄk, for short à¤'à¤'à¤'à¥à¤à¥à¤¤à¤®à¥ saá¹ská¹tam) is a classical language of Indian sub-continent, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the...