During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the search for man's evolutionary past lead to dramatic new conclusions about life on Earth and the biological history of mankind. The search for our fossil ancestors, once initiated, began...

the most recent archaic humans, who emerged between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago and were replaced by early modern humans between 35,000 and 28,000 years ago. Neanderthals inhabited Eurasia from the Atlantic regions of Europe eastward to Central Asia...

Neanderthals fill a prominent yet ambiguous position in studies of human origins. In the nineteenth century their discovery and less than flattering description was responsible for the popular view of cave men. The original description emphasized the...

Species of the human genus (Homo) that inhabited much of Europe and the Mediterranean lands &circa; 200,000–28,000 years ago. The name derives from the discovery in 1856 of remains in a cave above Germany's Neander Valley. Some scholars designate...

Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensisH. s....