INTELLECTUALS are persons who produce or intensively study intellectual works. Intellectual works are coherent complexes of symbolic configurations that deal with the serious or ultimately significant features of the cosmos, the earth, and human...

NOTE: Although the following article has not been revised for this edition of the Encyclopedia, the substantive coverage is currently appropriate. The editors have provided a list of recent works at the end of the article to facilitate research and...

A strict definition of intellectuals would be that they are persons whose role is to deal with the advancement and propagation of knowledge, and with the articulation of the values of their particular society. In that sense all societies have their...

In most cultures literacy and literary work have been principally the domain of men. Women have frequently been excluded from formal education or denied respect as authors. This aspect of gender relations has had important consequences for ideas about...

1. A member of a social stratum to which society has ascribed the dominant role of providing it with the solutions to its problems, explications of its dominant world-view, ideology, etc. 2. One who is employed in an occupation usually considered to be...

An intellectual is one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate, or ask and answer questions about a wide variety of different ideas. There are, broadly, three modern definitions at work in discussions about...