Experimental work on invertebrates and vertebrates has begun to allow the analysis of the neural mechanisms underlying second-order conditioning, blocking, and contingency. Here we look at the experimental and theoretical data that provide a...

Sometimes opponent process (SOP) is an associative, real-time, quantitative theory of Pavlovian conditioning. As such, it describes basic principles from which the behavioral regularities of Pavlonian conditioning can be deduced, and it makes...

Sometimes now used as a synonym for LEARNING itself, the term CONDITIONING referred originally to the procedure introduced by I.P.Pavlov (1849–1936) in the early years of the twentieth century for the study of nervous function in animals. In...

Conditioning is a way of establishing new behaviors by providing either a stimulus or a reward for the desired behavior. It has widespread applications in psychology. There is also growing evidence that conditioning might be useful to boost the body's...

Conditioning occurs when an animal's behavior changes as a patterned response to a certain stimulus. The founder of classical conditioning was Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, who devoted more than 30 years to its study. Pavlov began his research career...

Theory of learning investigated and developed by the Russian physiologist J.P.Pavlov (1849–1936). A spontaneous (conditioned) reaction, triggered by a particular stimulus can in turn be triggered by another stimulus if this other stimulus is...

// n. The phenomenon in which the variation in form of a morpheme exhibiting allomorphy is determined in a more or less regular manner by its environment. For example, the English plural morpheme has three regular alternants [s]/[z]/[iz], the choice...

n. 1. The selection in a given environment of one particular allophone of a phoneme in a way which is completely predictable from the phonological context. Such an allophone is a conditioned allophone. 2. The selection in a given environment of one...

The process of behavioural modification that occurs as a result of external force and without the intelligent, or critically aware, consideration of behaviour being changed. There are two types: classical and...

n. (also collapsing) The grouping of formally related rules into a rule schema, so that those rules become expansions of that schema. See the example under rule schema. V....

Conditioning may refer to: In probability theory, the use of conditional probability In mathematics, the property of a matrix as "well-conditioned" or "ill-conditioned"; see condition number In cosmetics, hair conditioning Air conditioning Of people and...